Physics Lab 6

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Laboratory 6 Goal: The goal of this experiment is to deepen our understanding of rotational motion and the components of rotational motion in real life events. Experiment 1 Time it takes to complete 5 rotations: - 6.18s Distance from the shoulder to the elbow: - 0.29 meters Distance from the shoulder to the middle of the hand: - 0.58 meters Motion of the hand: How far in degrees did the hand travel during the five rotations? - 1800 degrees How far in radians did the hand travel during the five rotations? - 31.42 radians How far in meters did the hand travel during the five rotations? - 18.22 meters What was the average angular speed (deg/s and rad/s) of the hand? - 5.08 rad/s - 291.26 * /s What was the average linear speed (m/s) of the hand? - 2.94 m/s What was the average angular acceleration (deg/s 2 and rad/s 2 ) of the hang? How do you know? - 0.822 rad/s 2 - 47.13 deg/s 2 What was the average centripetal acceleration (m/ s 2 ) of the hand? - 14.9 m/s 2 Motion of the elbow: How far in degrees did the hand travel during the five rotations? - 1800 * How far in radians did the hand travel during the five rotations? - 31.42 radians How far in meters did the hand travel during the five rotations? - 9.11 meters What was the average angular speed (deg/s and rad/s) of the hand? - 5.08 rad/s - 291.26 What was the average linear speed (m/s) of the hand?

- 1.47 m/s What was the average angular acceleration (deg/s 2 and rad/s 2 ) of the hang? How do you know? - 0.82 m/s 2 - 47.13 */s 2 What was the average centripetal acceleration (m/ s 2 ) of the hand? - 5.06 m/s 2 Which quantities are different and which quantities are the same for the hand and the elbow? - The degrees, radians, average angular speed, and average angular acceleration are the same measurements for both the hand and elbow. The rest of the measurements were different for the hand and the elbow. Exploration Describe the direction of those arrows, while the angular speed of the wheel is increasing, constant, or decreasing? - When the angular speed is constant the arrows stay perpendicular. When the angular speed decreases the arrow becomes smaller. When the angular speed is increasing the arrow becomes perpendicular. Set the applied force equal to 1.5 N. Click Go let the simulation run for approximately 10 seconds. What is the magnitude and direction of the torque on the wheel? - The magnitude of the torque is 6 Newton meters, and the direction of the torque is perpendicular to the circle. What happens to the ladybug? - The ladybug originally stays in the same place, eventually flying off the circle. What provides the centripetal force to keep the bug moving in a circle? - The friction and force keep the bug moving on the circle. Why does this eventually fail? - Eventually the force of the torque is greater, and the friction can no longer increase. Click reset All, and set the force to 0.5 N. Observe the acceleration vector after you click Go. How does it change? - The vector, acceleration vector, increases and the vector increases in magnitude. Will the acceleration vector ever point directly to the center? Why or why not? - Yes the acceleration vector points directly to the center and stays pointing in the center. Click reset All, and set the force to 0.5 N Approximately 5 second after you click Go set the brake force to approximately 1 N. What happens to the acceleration vector? - The acceleration vector decreases in magnitude and moves away from the center of the circle. Moment of Inertia Lab

Use the ruler to measure the radius r of the boundary between the green and pink circles. Record r in your log. r=3 meters Calculate what the tangential component of the applied force must have been. Record F tang into your log. F tang =3 Newtons Compare the torque t and the angular acceleration a and calculate the moment of interica I of the disk from t=la. Record I in your log. - The torgue and acceleration are equal, I=1 Compare with the moment of inertia displayed in the graph. Record the comparison into your log. - The moment of inertia is also equal, 1. Set the inner radius equal to 2. Find the moment of inertia for this shape. Record it. - 1.2 kg * m 2 Even with the force on the platform changes, the moment of inertia graph remains constant. Why? - This is because inertia is related to mass and not to force. While the disk is moving, change the inner radius to 2 m. What happens to the moment of inertia and the angular velocity? - The angular velocity decreases by 0.2 rad/s, and the moment of inertia increases by 0.25 kg * /m 2 . The inertia will be larger due to the same mass in less surface. Make some more changes to the inner radius, outer radius and mass of the disk. Describe what happens. - When the mass changes the acceleration vector became opposite of the disk. When I increased the inner radius the moment of inertia increased and the angular velocity decreased. Experiment 2 Enter the magnitude of the weight into the table below Record the magnitude of the reading of the force sensor when the stick is again horizontal in the table. Weight of the meter stick and clips 1.23 N Force sensor reading when stick is again horizontal 2.89N Weight suspended from left clip 1.66 N Distance from left clip CM of the meter stick 0.47 m Distance from force sensor hook to CM of meter stick 0.27m Distance d from force sensor hook to the left clip 0.20 m

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Modeling the meter stick as a forearm and the force sensor as the biceps, compare the force that the biceps has to exert to keep the forearm horizontal to the force it has to exert to just support the weight of the forearm. Comment on the relative magnitude of these forces. - The bicep has to apply double the force to support the forearm. The force required to keep the forearm horizontal is 2.89 N and the force it has to apply is 1.23 N. List all the forces (magnitude and direction) acting on the forearm (meter stick) and calculate all the torques (magnitude and direction) exerted by those forces about the pivot point when the stick is horizontal and in the equilibrium. DO all the torques cancel out? - The pivot point is 0, because the torques do cancel out. - 0.332Nm - 0.332 Nmm Reflection:

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