L_Momentum_Report

Introductory Physics Laboratory Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University Lab Report IP-03: Energy and Linear Momentum Conservation in Elastic and Inelastic Collisions Student’s name: CRN: 41352 Date: November 8, 2023 Initial and Final Velocities, Coefficient of Restitution Table 1 Run # m 1 , kg blue car m 2 , kg red car t 1 , s v 1 , m/s v 2 , m/s t 2 , s v 1 ' , m/s v 2 ' , m/s e 1 No mass 0.2573kg 0.2540kg 4.31s 0.002m/s 0.236m/s 4.64s 0.261m/s -0.011m/s 1.16 2 Mass 0.2573kg 0.5065kg 2.69s 0.000m/s 0.223m/s 3.01s 0.316m/s -0.125m/s 1.98 3 No mass w/ One Velcro 0.2573kg 0.2540kg 2.24s -4.631 *10^-4m/s 0.304m/s 2.36s 0.365m/s 0.062m/s 0.96 4 Mass w/ one Velcro 0.2573kg 0.5065kg 1.94s -0.001m/s 0.228m/s 2.06s 0.476m/s 0.032m/s 1.94 5 No mass 2 Velcro 0.2573kg 0.2540kg 2.59s -5.627 *10^-4 m/s 0.216m/s 2.69s 0.445m/s 0.216m/s 1.06 6 0.2573kg 0.5065kg 2.04s -0.001 0.249m/s 2.16s 0.760m/s 0.247m/s 2.05 Momentum and Kinetic Energy Table 2 Run # P , kg·m/s P' , kg·m/s % difference K , kg·m 2 /s 2 K' , kg·m 2 /s 2 Loss of Kinetic Energy, % 1 0.0671 0.0571 14.9% 0.0086J 0.0071J 17% 2 0.0617 0.0808 30.9% 0.0074J 0.0145J 96% 3 0.0922 0.0934 1.30% 0.0165J 0.0123J 25% 4 0.1239 0.1240 0.08% 0.0301J 0.0133J 56% 5 0.1117 0.1133 1.43% 0.0243J 0.0124J 16% 6 0.1933 0.1915 0.93% 0.0731J 0.0204 72% Lab Report IP-03: Energy and Linear Momentum Conservation in Elastic and Inelastic Collisions

Introductory Physics Laboratory Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University Trials 1 and 6 for velocity, momentum and kinetic energy Lab Report IP-03: Energy and Linear Momentum Conservation in Elastic and Inelastic Collisions 2

Introductory Physics Laboratory Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University by matching the collision area from the velocity graph concerning time. The total momentum from the trials could have been more accurate as the percent differences were 6% from each other. This is due to the experiment not being conducted in an isolated system. For the total momentum, the percent difference was reasonable as they both were 16.6% Lab Report IP-03: Energy and Linear Momentum Conservation in Elastic and Inelastic Collisions 4

Introductory Physics Laboratory Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University before and after the collision. This makes sense as the percentages are proportional to the elasticity in the experiment. However, the differences in each trial resulted in the initial force placed on the cart; as it varied, it could change and add more elasticity to the second cart. The kinetic energy from the first Lab Report IP-03: Energy and Linear Momentum Conservation in Elastic and Inelastic Collisions 5

Introductory Physics Laboratory Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University In conclusion, elastic collisions are proportional to the force placed upon an object, and the kinetic energy is transferred from one object to the next. The purpose of this lab was reached as it proves Newton's second law to be prevalent in elastic, inelastic semi-elastic collisions, showing different momentums and kinetic end Lab Report IP-03: Energy and Linear Momentum Conservation in Elastic and Inelastic Collisions 7

Introductory Physics Laboratory Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University Introductory Physics Laboratory Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University Lab Report IP-03: Energy and Linear Momentum Conservation in Elastic and Inelastic Collisions 8 To find the total momentum was obtained by matching the collision area from the velocity graph concerning time. The total momentum from the trials could have been more accurate as the percent Lab Report IP-03: Energy and Linear Momentum Conservation in Elastic and Inelastic Collisions 8

Introductory Physics Laboratory Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University resulted in the initial force placed on the cart; as it varied, it could change and add more elasticity to the second cart. The kinetic energy from the first cart is transferred to the second cart upon collision. With the inelastic collision, the energy was transferred as potential energy, and the carts did not move; however, within the elastic collision and Lab Report IP-03: Energy and Linear Momentum Conservation in Elastic and Inelastic Collisions 10

Introductory Physics Laboratory Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University semi-elastic collision, there was a transfer of energy from object to object. It resulted in the percent differences being reasonable. In conclusion, elastic collisions are proportional to the force placed upon an object, and the kinetic energy is transferred from one object to the next. The purpose of this lab was reached as it proves Lab Report IP-03: Energy and Linear Momentum Conservation in Elastic and Inelastic Collisions 11

Introductory Physics Laboratory Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University collisions, and energy conservation, such as kinetic energy loss —calculating these results in capstone aided in achieving accurate measurements and results. The equipment used in this experiment consisted of Two Collision Carts with a magnetic bumper at one end and a Velcro bumper at the other (for inelastic collision Lab Report IP-03: Energy and Linear Momentum Conservation in Elastic and Inelastic Collisions 13

Introductory Physics Laboratory Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University experiments), extra masses, Dynamics Track, and a Rotary Motion Sensor measurement system for each cart. The difference between the three experimental setups was the alteration in elasticity. There is no repulsion or bonding. This was demonstrated with a magnet (elasticity) and Velcro Lab Report IP-03: Energy and Linear Momentum Conservation in Elastic and Inelastic Collisions 14

Introductory Physics Laboratory Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University Velcro, as no repulsion or bonding is done. Carrying out two trials aided in seeing potential value changes and environmental influences to get accurate results. The two test runs aided in seeing potential value differences expressed as percentages. When analyzing the differences within the velocity graphs for all Lab Report IP-03: Energy and Linear Momentum Conservation in Elastic and Inelastic Collisions 16

Introductory Physics Laboratory Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University three experiments, many visible differences were present. For the elasticity trial, the graph was going in the negative direction while the other cart was moving positively; this made sense as moving to the left was negative, and the right was positive when the two carts collided. In addition, the graphs peaked when the collision happened and Lab Report IP-03: Energy and Linear Momentum Conservation in Elastic and Inelastic Collisions 17

Introductory Physics Laboratory Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University Another observation was that the values dropped to zero after the collision. Finally, for the last trial with semi- elastic collisions, the velocity of the first cart carried the force. It transferred it to the other cart after the collision, showing the energy conservation law. There was a higher resolution coefficient for Lab Report IP-03: Energy and Linear Momentum Conservation in Elastic and Inelastic Collisions 19

Introductory Physics Laboratory Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University the elasticity experiment, medium resolution for the semi- eclectic and low resolution for the inelastic trials. This was expected as the values from the experiment were close to the theoretical values. This represented the values from the experiment in showing that it is not ideal for perfect elastic or inelastic Lab Report IP-03: Energy and Linear Momentum Conservation in Elastic and Inelastic Collisions 20