PHY 1951 LAB Position^J velocity and acceleration L2

pdf

School

University of Texas, San Antonio *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

1951

Subject

Physics

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

pdf

Pages

Uploaded by CommodorePolarBear4267

1 Position, Velocity and Acceleration Lab Online Purpose The purpose of this activity is to study some of the basic behaviors of a mass that is being uniformly accelerated; that means, experiencing a constant acceleration. Theory Displacement is defined to be the straight line length measured from what is taken to be the initial position, and the final position. ∆𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑜 The average velocity is defined to be the time rate of change of position, therefore it is the displacement divided by the time interval the displacement took place over. 𝑣 𝑎𝑣𝑔 = ∆𝑥 𝑡 = 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑜 𝑡 The average acceleration is defined as the time rate of change of velocity, therefore it is the average velocity divided by the time interval the change in velocity took place over. 𝑎 𝑎𝑣𝑔 = ∆𝑣 𝑎𝑣𝑔 𝑡 = 𝑣 − 𝑣 𝑜 𝑡 For a mass to be accelerated uniformly, the value of the acceleration must be constant, meaning it always has the same value, and therefore in such a case we can drop the ‘avg’ subscript for the acceleration in the above equation. 𝑎 = 𝑣 − 𝑣 𝑜 𝑡 When the acceleration a mass is experiencing is constant we say that that mass is being uniformly accelerated. Since acceleration is the time rate of change of velocity, then for a mass being uniformly accelerated, its velocity will be changing at a constant rate such that its average velocity will also be given by the following equation. 𝑣 𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝑣 + 𝑣 𝑜 2 This equation tells us that for a mass being uniformly accelerated its average velocity is just the average value between its initial and final velocities. Keep in mind that this equation is only true for masses experiencing uniform acceleration!

2 Just using these definitions, and with the assumption of uniform acceleration, we can easily construct the Linear Kinematic Equations of Motion. Some of the equations we can construct are the following Uniformly Accelerated Motion 𝑎 = 𝑎 𝑜 (constant value) 𝑣 = 𝑣 𝑜 + 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑜 + 𝑣 𝑜 𝑡 + 1 2 𝑎𝑡 2 Plotting these three equations out as functions of time will wield graphs similar to the following; A concept that is rarely discussed in freshman physics classes is the jerk. The average jerk is defined to be the time rate change of the acceleration; therefore, it is the change in acceleration divided by the time interval the change in acceleration took place over. 𝐽 𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝑎 − 𝑎 𝑜 𝑡 In this exercise we will be ignoring whatever little jerk there might be.

3 Setup 1. Go to the following website: https://www.walter-fendt.de/html5/phen/acceleration_en.htm 2. You should now see the following: Procedure 1. Move the little green bar that is near the top center of the large yellow area as far to the right as you can. 2. In the green area on the right side of the screen make the following settings: a. Initial Position: 0.00 m b. Initial Velocity: 0.00 m/s c. Acceleration: 0.75 m/s 2 3. Note that the instantaneous values for position, velocity, and acceleration can be seen at the bottom of the large yellow area. a. We will be recording the instantaneous values for position, velocity, and acceleration as well as the value for time in our table during the experiment. b. The time of the experiment can be read off from the three different experiment clocks in the large yellow area. 4. Start the experiment by clicking on the yellow start button located in the green section on the right of your screen. a. Once you click the start button it will turn into a pause button.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

4 b. At approximately 1 second into the experiment, pause the experiment, and record the time of the experiment and the instantaneous values for position, velocity, and acceleration in Table 1. c. Restart the experiment only to pause it again at approximately 2 seconds to record the time and instantaneous values in Table 1. d. Repeat this process for approximately 10 seconds.

5 Analysis of Position, Velocity and Acceleration Lab Online Name Naya Akhrass Course/Section PHY 1951-012 Instructor Kiara Fenner Table 1 (10 points) t(s) x(m) v(m/s) a(m/s 2 ) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.75 1.00 0.38 0.75 0.75 2.00 1.50 1.50 0.75 3.00 3.38 2.25 0.75 4.00 6.01 3.00 0.75 5.00 9.41 3.76 0.75 6.00 13.51 4.50 0.75 7.00 18.39 5.25 0.75 8.00 24.01 6.00 0.75 9.00 30.38 6.75 0.75 10.00 37.51 7.50 0.75 1. From the data in Table 1, and using Excel or some other graphing software, make the 3 following graphs: a. Position vs. time b. Velocity vs. time c. Acceleration vs. time For the Position vs. time graph have software display BOTH the linear fit, and the quadratic fit on the graph. For the Velocity vs. time graph have the software display the linear fit on the graph. For the acceleration vs. time graph have the software display the linear fit on the graph. Make sure to turn these graphs in with the lab worksheet. (20 points)

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

8 Table 2 (From the ‘fits’ displayed on your graphs fill in Table 2) (10 points) Position vs Time Value Linear Fit m 3.7509 B -5.62 y = mx + b y= 3.7509x – 5.62 Quadratic Fit A 0.3745 B 0.0062 C -0.0029 y = Ax 2 + Bx + C y= 0.3745x^2 +0.0062x -0.0029 (x 1 , y 1 ) first point (0, 0) (x 2 , y 2 ) last point (10, 37.51) Slope 3.751 Velocity vs. Time Value M 0.75 B 0.0009 y = mx + b y= 0.75x + 0.0009 (x 1 , y 1 ) first point (0, 0) (x 2 , y 2 ) last point (10, 7.50) v avg 7.50/10= 0.75 v avg time 10 Acceleration vs. Time Value M 0 B 0.75 y = mx + b y= 0.75

9 1. What are the appropriate units for the slope of the: (a) Position vs Time graph? (2 points) The appropriate unit for the slope of the Position VS Time graph is meters per second. (b) Velocity vs Time graph? (2 points) The appropriate unit for the slope of the Velocity VS Time graph is meters per second squared. (c) Acceleration vs Time graph? (2 points) The appropriate unit for the slope of the Acceleration VS Time graph is meters per second cubed. 2. For Position vs Time data: (a) Did your quadratic fit of this graph provide initial position? If yes, what is its value? (4 points) Yes, my quadratic fit of this graph provided an initial position of - 0.0029 meters. (b) Did your quadratic fit of this graph provide initial velocity? If yes, what is its value? (4 points) Yes, my quadratic fit of this graph provided an initial velocity of 0.0062 m/s. (c) Did your quadratic fit of this graph provide acceleration? If yes, what is its value? (4 points) Yes, my quadratic fit of this graph provided an acceleration of 0.3745 m/s^2. (d) What specific physical quantity does the slope of the two middle points from the Position vs. Time graph represent? (4 points) The physical quantity that is represented by the slope of the two middle points from the Position VS Time graph is velocity. 3. For Velocity vs Time data: (a) Did your linear fit of this graph provide initial position? If yes, what is its value? (4 points) No, the linear fit of this graph did not provide initial position. (b) Did your linear fit of this graph provide initial velocity? If yes, what is its value? (4 points) Yes, my linear fit of this graph provided an initial velocity of 0.0009 m/s.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

10 (c) Did your linear fit of this graph provide acceleration? If yes, what is its value? (4 points) Yes, my linear fit of this graph provided an acceleration of 0.75 m/s^2. 4. For Acceleration vs Time data: (a) Did your linear fit of this graph provide initial position? If yes, what is its value? (4 points) No, my linear fit of this graph did not provide an initial position. (b) Did your linear fit of this graph provide initial velocity? If yes, what is its value? (4 points) No, my linear fit of this graph did not provide an initial velocity. (c) Did your linear fit of this graph provide acceleration? If yes, what is its value? (4 points) Yes, my linear fit of this graph provided an acceleration of 0.75 m/s^2 (d) What are the SI units of the Jerk? (4 points) The SI units of the jerk is meters per second cubed. 7. What is the general shape of each graph and why does each have that shape? (10 points) The general shape of the Position VS Time graph is a curved line moving in a positive direction for both the x-axis and the y-axis. This is because the velocity is not constant, and as time continues the position of the car moves forward. The general shape for the Velocity VS Time graph is a linear line also moving in a positive direction for both axis ’ s. This is because the velocity is consistently increasing as time moves. The general shape for the Acceleration VS Time graph is a straight horizontal line because the acceleration is constant, and does not change as time moves on.

Related Documents

lab-111-projectile-motion.pdf

AP Physics 1 Vectors Projectiles Bull's Eye.pdf

PHYSICS LAB 4 REPORT !.docx

PHYSICS LAB DUE 30TH.pdf

Lab5_Momentum copy.docx

Lab3_Kinematics phy.docx

PHYS172-S22-Lab10-Final.pdf

LU10_Bending of Light.docx

Chapter 6_ Conservation of Momentum in 1D.pdf

PHYS182B_196L_ Lab 2 - Electrostatic Charges UPDATED-1-1-1 (1).docx

LU3_Electric Charges and Fields-1.docx

Physics Current Event.pdf

Recommended textbooks for you

Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text

Physics

ISBN:9781133104261

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...

Physics

ISBN:9781133939146

Author:Katz, Debora M.

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...

Physics

ISBN:9781337553292

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Inquiry into Physics

Physics

ISBN:9781337515863

Author:Ostdiek

Publisher:Cengage

Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student...

Physics

ISBN:9780078807213

Author:Paul W. Zitzewitz

Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

University Physics Volume 1

Physics

ISBN:9781938168277

Author:William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny

Publisher:OpenStax - Rice University

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS

Recommended textbooks for you

Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...
Physics
ISBN:9781337553292
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Inquiry into Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781337515863
Author:Ostdiek
Publisher:Cengage
Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student...
Physics
ISBN:9780078807213
Author:Paul W. Zitzewitz
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
University Physics Volume 1
Physics
ISBN:9781938168277
Author:William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny
Publisher:OpenStax - Rice University