Lab 5 Centripetal Force-1

pdf

School

Virginia Commonwealth University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

207

Subject

Physics

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

pdf

Pages

Uploaded by ChiefGoose3294

1 Name: Partner: Date: 5 Centripetal Force Objective: This lab aims to investigate the relationship between the speed of an object in uniform circular motion and the centripetal force on the object. Introduction: An object is in uniform circular motion if it travels around a circle at a constant speed. For objects traveling in a circle, it is useful to measure speed as angular velocity , which measures angular displacement per unit time. We can relate angular velocity to linear velocity with the relationship 𝑣 = 𝑟 𝜔 (1) where r is the radius of the circle and ω is the measured angular velocity. Although the object's speed does not vary, the velocity vector is changing direction, and the object is therefore accelerating. ( Acceleration is defined as a change in velocity, which can change in magnitude , direction , or both.) This acceleration is called centripetal acceleration and is defined as 𝑎 𝑐 = 𝑣 2 𝑟 (2) Where, v is the velocity of the object, and r is the radius of the circle. The centripetal acceleration is always directed radially inwards (towards the center of the circle). Because the object is accelerating, it must be experiencing a net force of magnitude ma c that is causing it to move in a circle. The period of this motion is 𝑇 = 2𝜋𝑟 𝑣 (3) which is the amount of time it takes the object to complete one full circle of motion. The frequency (how many circles per second the object completes) of this motion is 1/T. Experiment: Open the simulator at https://www.thephysicsaviary.com/Physics/Programs/Labs/ClassicCircularForceLab/index.html This lab will let you determine the speed needed to keep an object in a circular motion. By clicking on the washers (each washer is 10 grams) the force holding the object in a circle can be change. You can adjust the radius of the circle by clicking on the masking tape below the tube (to get the exact value click the masking tape a couple of times). You can also change the mass of the moving object using the up and down arrows. To understand the simulator, keep the hanging mass, moving mass, and radius at arbitrary values and run the simulator.

2 1. Mark all the forces acting on the system in the figure below. Then draw free body diagrams for the moving mass and the hanging weight. Explain which force provides the centripetal force for the moving mass to stay in the circular path. [ 8 pts ] Free body diagram for the moving mass Free body diagram for the hanging weight Explain: 2.Circular motion is one of the most common types of motion that we observe in nature. List two examples of uniform circular moving objects or scenarios you observed. [2 pts] Part 1: Maintain a constant centripetal force. • Set the moving mass to 250 g and enter the value as M moving in table 1 below. Pay attention to units. • Keep the hanging mass m= 0.3 kg (=30 washers). Record this value in table 1 as Mass Hanging. • Change the radius as listed in table 1 and measure the time the moving mass takes to rotate 20 cycles and record in table 1. Note: We cannot read the exact value for the radius. Try your best to get the closest settings, and if you are off, the error percentage will replicate that.

3 3. For the hanging mass (mass of added washers) of 0.3 kg. The weight of these masses provides the centripetal force to the system. Find the centripetal acceleration of the moving mass of 0.250 kg. Show your work below. Enter this value in table 1 as Centripetal force (theo) . [ 5 pts ] 4. Use the time for 20 cycles to calculate period and record in Data Table 1. Hint: period is the amount of time the moving mass takes to complete one full circle of motion. Show a sample calculation below. [ 2 pts ] 5. Use the period to calculate the linear speed v for each radius, calculate the speeds ’ square and record it in Data Table 1. Show a sample calculation below. [ 5 pts ] Table 1: Changing speed over radius [ 10 pts ] Mass Hanging = kg Centripetal accelaration( set )= ms -2 Mass Moving = kg Centripetal accelaration( Exp )= ms -2 Radius (m) Time for 20 cycles (s) Period (s) Velocity (ms -1 ) Velocity 2 (m 2 s -2 ) 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

4 6. Plot v 2 vs r on excel. Make sure to plot v 2 on the y-axis and r on the x-axis. Add a linear trendline to scatter graph and be sure to display the best-fit equation on the graph. Insert a screenshot of the graph below, or attach the excel file. Note that the graph should include title, axis titles(including units), and a trend or fit line [10 pts] 7. Write the equation of the trend line using meaningful variables and units. What is the slope of the graph represents? Complete the Table 1 with Centripetal force(exp). [3 pts] 8. Explain how well the system agrees with the theory by calculating the % difference? [5 pts] Insert screenshot of the graph here

5 Part 2: Changing centripetal force with constant radius  Set the moving mass as 25 g and enter the value as M set in table 3 below.  Set the moving mass at 200 cm (2m) mark, so that the radius of the circle will be 2m. Enter the value as R set in table 2 below.  Change the number of washers to 5, where the hanging mass will be 0.05 kg.  Open an Excel spreadsheet and create Table 2. 9. For the hanging mass (mass of added washers) of 0.05 kg. The weight of these masses provides the centripetal force to the system. Find the centripetal force acted on the moving mass by the 0.05 kg. Show your work below. Enter this value in table 2 (second column). [ 5 pts ]  Now click the start button and measure the time the moving mass takes to rotate 20 cycles and enter Table 2, third column.  Now repeat the above steps for up to 30-35 washers in about 5-8 steps. You may click on the washers and change the number of washers. Fill the first, second, and third column in table 2. 10. Find the linea r velocity (v) of the moving object by using the equation v= 2πr/T, where r is the radius of the circle (2m). Calculate the velocity 2 . Show a sample calculation below and fill the velocity and velocity 2 columns in table 2 for the rest of the data. [5 pts] Table 2: Changing Centripetal Force [10 pts] Hanging mass (kg) Centripetal Force Fcent (N) Time for 20 cycles Time period T (s) Speed V (ms -1 ) Speed 2 V 2 ( ) 0.05

6 11. Plot Force vs square of the speed (F vs v 2 ) on excel. Make sure to plot F on the y-axis and v 2 on the x-axis. Add a linear trendline to each line graph and be sure to display the best-fit equation on the graph. Insert a screenshot of your graph below, or attach the excel file. Note that the graph should include title, axis titles(including units), scale, and a trend or fit line [10 pts] 12. Write the equation of the trend line using meaningful variables and units. What is the slope of the graph represents? [5 pts] 13. Using your linear fit, determine M expt , the experimentally calculated value for the pendulum's mass, and record the result in Data Table 3 below as M expt . Calculate the percent difference between M meas and M expt and record in Data Table 2. Show the calculation. How closely do masses compare? [3 pts] Data Table 3: Determination of moving mass [2 pts] M Set (kg): R set (m): M expt (kg): % Diff.: Insert screenshot of the graph here

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

7 Results and Conclusions (10 pts) Briefly summarize the objective of today’s lab as well as the results of your experiment. State any applicable errors you calculated and give AT LEAST two possible reasons your results deviated from theoretical values. If the experiment was purely qualitative (i.e. you did not calculate a % difference or % error), you may replace the two sources of error with two SPECIFIC concepts from lecture that the experiment demonstrated.

Related Documents

Supplemental Lab 6 Questions.docx

Lab 7 Data.docx

PCS211 Lab Report 3.pdf

DAD Lab 10 Air Resistance.docx

DAD-E Lab 1 Coulomb Force Study v2.docx

Lab 2_Electric Field Lines-1.pdf

Lab 10_ Simple Harmonic Motion.pdf

PHYS 259 W2024 - Lab 07 - Charge to mass ratio.pdf

Force Lab Assignment (1).docx

8 SHM Online-EDITED.docx

Phys 244 Conservation of Energy F2F Fall 2022(1).docx

PRELAB (rev2)(xxx) (4).docx

Recommended textbooks for you

College Physics

Physics

ISBN:9781285737027

Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...

Physics

ISBN:9781133939146

Author:Katz, Debora M.

Publisher:Cengage Learning

College Physics

Physics

ISBN:9781305952300

Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...

Physics

ISBN:9781337553292

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Physics for Scientists and Engineers

Physics

ISBN:9781337553278

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Cengage Learning

College Physics

Physics

ISBN:9781938168000

Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Publisher:OpenStax College

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS

Recommended textbooks for you

College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781285737027
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...
Physics
ISBN:9781337553292
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Physics
ISBN:9781337553278
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781938168000
Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher:OpenStax College