PHYS Lab 1

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Temple University *

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Physics

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Apr 3, 2024

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Lab 1 Coulomb’s Law Group members: Carlin Park, Kevin Bui, Korey Frazer, Vasu Patel Goals This lab demonstrates the charge transfer by rubbing a rod with a woolen cloth, illustrating Coulomb’s law in quantifying electrostatic forces. It explores materials variations to understand their impact in the charge transfer and electrostatic forces, contributing a deeper understanding by physics principles and laws. Procedure For the procedure, first we took the block holding the sphere and stood it up, then using the wool cloth we rub it onto the plastic pool to charge the plastic pole. From there, once the pole is sufficiently charged, we bring it very close to the sphere and touch the sphere with our finger. Then we take the charged sphere and slowly slide it next to an uncharged hanging sphere then we record how far the uncharged sphere gets pushed by the charged sphere. Error and precautions For this lab, possible errors in the experiment include measurement inaccurate, environment variations, and electrostatic forces. It explores material variations to understand their impact on the charge transfer and the electrostatic forces, contributing to a deeper understanding of the physics principles. Results We observed that there is very little electrical force between the two spheres. This would make sense since the distance between the spheres is very minimal, just a few centimeters. Below is a screenshot of our excel with all our data, including our graphs and data tables.

Questions Question 1. When charging the guide block sphere, why do we have to remove our finger before removing the charged rod? In other words, would the sphere be charged if we removed the rod before removing our finger? Why or why not? No the sphere would not be charged if we removed the rod before our finger, because all of my charged particles would move towards your finger instead of transferring to the sphere. Question 2. Figure 2 shows the conductive sphere with electrons that are free to move around the fixed positive molecules. Use the concept of opposites attract and likes repel to explain how the procedure we used charged the guide block sphere. Our finger acted as the ground allowing the similar charge in the sphere to be pushed onto our finger when the charged rod was put near the sphere. This allowed the sphere to become more positively charged. Question 3. According to your observation, did the uncharged suspended sphere experience a force when we moved the charged guide block sphere near? Yes, the uncharged sphere was repulsed by the charged sphere. Question 4. Can you explain why the suspended sphere would experience a force even though it is neutral and thus has no net charge? Doesn’t this contradict Coulomb’s law which says that you need two charged objects to have a force? Figure 3 may help you to understand what is going on. Notice in the left panel of Figure 3 that the size of the spheres is important because the negative charges in the neutral sphere (+0)

are much closer to the charged sphere than the positive charges. How does the difference in this distance affect the net force acting on the neutral sphere? Use Coulomb’s Law to explain why the unequal separation distances result in a net force. For the first part of the question, positive charges generally have repulsive forces while negative charges have attractive forces. Thanks to this, even an uncharged sphere gets repulsed by a positive charge. So it doesn’t break Coulomb’s Law, while the distance between the positive and negative charges allow for the charges to either equalize and dominate as positive or negative or attract an opposite force. Question 5. You may have noticed that the spheres are Styrofoam coated with conductive metal paint. Why must the spheres be conducting spheres for this attractive force to occur as illustrated in Figure 3 The sphere must be conducting to allow for electrons to be able to flow in and out easily, this allows for the charge to be more easily manipulated. Question 6. Does the data follow the trend you would expect according to Coulomb’s Law? Support your answer. Yes, our data follows the trend you would expect according to Coulomb’s Law because the repulsion force on the two particles will naturally repel if two particles are of the same charge. Question 7. Is the graph of 𝐹 # vs. 1/ 𝑟^2 ❑ ❑ ❑ approximately linear? What quantity or quantities does the slope of this plot represent? Hint: arrange Coulomb’s law into y = mx+b form. From this slope determine the charge on a sphere (remember the spheres are equally charged) F=k(Q1Q2)*1/r^2 y=mx+b m=k(Q1Q2) Q1=Q2=Q=(m/k)^1/2 Discussion We as a group were expecting the suspended sphere to be repelled by the charged sphere, the actual results were along the same lines as the expected results. We are very confident in our results, if given the same conditions as today’s lab we would be able to get roughly the same results. A source of error that could’ve occurred would’ve been from charging the sphere, by accidentally removing the rod first. Coulomb's law was applied and verified to quantify electrostatic forces between the charged rod and the nearby objects. The experiment enhances out understanding of electrostatic interactions an the charge behaviour in physics.

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