Lab Newton’s First and Second Laws (SIM)-1

docx

School

Coastal Carolina Community College *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

100

Subject

Physics

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by JudgeSteel6980

LAB: NEWTON'S FIRST AND SECOND LAWS Date 03/15/2024 Student’s Name Morgan Keefover Introduction Discussion Questions 1. Write Newton's First Law. An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion at a constant speed unless a force acts upon the object. 2. Write Newton's Second Law. A net force produces the acceleration of an object and that is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. 1

3. The following boxes are initially at rest when the forces shown are applied. Show the magnitude and direction of the Force needed to keep the box at rest. a. 20N b. 7N 4. What happens to the acceleration if you maintain a constant net force (Fnet = 0) on an object? What happens to the velocity? If the net force of an object is zero, then its acceleration is zero and the velocity remains constant. 5. If an object is not accelerating, what can you determine about the net force on the object? If an object is not accelerating, the net forces on the object must be equal to zero. Experiment Part 1: Forces and Motion ● Open up the PhET simulation "Forces and Motion Basics." at https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/forces-and-motion-basics/latest/forces-and-motion- basics_en.html and open the Net Force simulator. ● Place people who are in different tasks, as indicated in Table 1. ● Predict the movement of the cart. ● Click on the sum of forces, values, and the speed box at the top right-hand corner of the simulation. Record the sum of the forces on the table 1. 2

Table 1: Predicted and simulated tasks and the sum of the action of the Force in a system. Tasks Predicted Movement Actual Movement (none, left, right) Sum of Forces ( magnitude and direction) Same size same placement on the rope. No movement None Sum=0 Direction=none Same size different placement on the rope. No movement None Sum=0 Direction=none Different sizes, same placement on the rope. To the left To the left Sum=50N Direction=left Different sizes, different placement on the rope. To the right To the right Sum=50N Direction=right Place two small people on the left and one small person on the right, let the simulator run, and add a small person to the right before it hits the barrier. To the left To the left Sum=0 Direction=right No movement To the left Sum=0 Direction=none 3

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

6. Newton's First Law of Motion states, "An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force." Explain how your observations in the last task in Table 1 support the first law of motion. When the simulation began, the force on the left was stronger, so the cart moved left. Then, when a person was added to the right side, balancing the forces, the cart still moved left. This supports Newton's First Law of Motion because once something is moving (like the cart to the left), it keeps moving. Adding the person on the right just balanced things out; it didn't make the cart change its direction. 7. You and some friends are at an outdoor camp. You find some rope and decide you'd like to play a game of tug-of-war. Unfortunately, there are 5 people, so you can't have an equal amount of people on each side. One of your friends suggests that the two big people should be on one side, while the three smaller people should be on the other side. Do you think this is a fair way to split up teams? Why or why not? Splitting the teams with two bigger people on one side and three smaller people on the other might not be fair. The side with two bigger people might have more strength, making it harder for the other team to win. It's like having more weight on one side of a scale than the other. To make it fair, you could try to have the same number of people or similar sizes on each team. That way, both teams have a more equal chance of winning. Part 2: Newton's Second Law Newton's Second Law of Motion states that when a net force F acts on an object of mass M , the object accelerates at a rate a , i.e., ⃗ F = m ⃗ a This part of the lab aims to verify Newton's Second Law using the PHET simulator. ● Now, refresh the simulator. ● This time, click open the acceleration (the fourth icon) on the simulator. ● On the right-hand corner, select Forces, Values, and Acceleration. 5

● Now, set the friction as none. ● Then click the pause button. ● Place the man on top of the box by dragging him. Then, as in the picture, place the pale water on the person's head. ● Now change the applied Force and record the acceleration in Table 2 (use the simulator) Data Table 2: Cart force and acceleration Applied Force (N) Acceleration (m/s 2 ) -500 -2.17 -400 -1.74 -300 -1.30 -200 -0.87 -100 -0.43 100 0.43 200 0.87 300 1.30 400 1.74 500 2.17 As you may have noticed, Newton's second law is an equation where force and acceleration display a linear relationship. F = ma → y = mx + b In the case of Newton's law, we have (ideally) the slope (m) = mass and the y-intercept b = 0 8. Enter the data from Table 2 into Excel, and plot a graph of Force vs. acceleration (F vs. a). Make sure to plot acceleration on the x-axis and Force on the y-axis. Add a linear trendline to the graph, and be sure to display the best-fit equation on the graph. Insert a clear screenshot of your graph here or attach a copy of the Excel spreadsheet as a second attachment with the report. Note that your graph should include a title, axis titles(including units), scale, and a trend or fit line to receive full credit . 6

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

9. Write the equation for your linear trend line of Force vs. acceleration using meaningful variables and units. What does the slope represent? 230x + 0 = y 7

● Referring to the above calculation, enter the experimental mass in Table 3. 10. On the simulator, check the mass option in the right-hand corner. What is the system's total theoretical mass (according to the simulator reading)? This mass will be the theoretical mass of the system. Fill the data table 3 accordingly. 50kg+80kg+100kg=230 kg 11. Calculate the percent error between the experimental and theoretical values of the total mass and record in Data Table 3. Show the calculation. (230.32-230)/(230)=0.00139 0.00139*100=0.139=0.14% Data Table 3: Comparison of the total mass Mexp t 230 kg Mtheor y 230 kg % Error 0 12. If the acceleration of an item is zero, does that mean no forces are acting on it? Explain. If an item has zero acceleration, it doesn't necessarily mean that no forces are acting on it. It could just mean that balanced forces are acting on it and that the net force is equal to zero. The sum of the forces acting on it is zero. 13. If no forces act on an object, does that mean the item is not moving? Explain. According to Newton's First Law of Motion, if the object is moving, it will stay in motion unless an unbalanced force acts on it. Therefore, if the object was already moving, it can still move without forces acting on it. 8

Results and Conclusions Briefly summarize the objective of today's lab, as well as the results of your experiment. List two SPECIFIC experimental errors that the experiment affected in a nonvirtual lab. Objective: The objective of today’s lab was to study Newton’s 1 st and 2 nd Laws of Motion Results: Part 2 of the experiment we measured total weight being pushed to be 230 kg . The theoretical value is 230kg This gives a percent error/difference of 0% for our experiment. Sources of error: If you perform the experiment using real lab equipment, the percent error would be about 20%. The deviation of our measurements from theory could be attributed to 1. Sample Variability 2. External Interference Note - the following are never acceptable sources of error: • “human error” • rounding/calculation errors • mysterious equipment malfunction 9

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Related Documents

Phys 244 Simple pendulum Online Fall 2022 (4).docx

Phys 244 Archimedes principle Online Fall 2022.docx

Phys 244 Torque Online 2022.docx

Kami Export - RocketSledder.pdf

May The Force Be With You Worksheet.docx

Rotational Motion.docx

Unit 13 Lab - Trisha Menon.pdf

Lab 1_ Describing motion (1).docx

Recommended textbooks for you

Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...

Physics

ISBN:9781133939146

Author:Katz, Debora M.

Publisher:Cengage Learning

College Physics

Physics

ISBN:9781938168000

Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Publisher:OpenStax College

Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...

Physics

ISBN:9781305116399

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text

Physics

ISBN:9781133104261

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student...

Physics

ISBN:9780078807213

Author:Paul W. Zitzewitz

Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

University Physics Volume 1

Physics

ISBN:9781938168277

Author:William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny

Publisher:OpenStax - Rice University

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS

Recommended textbooks for you

Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781938168000
Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher:OpenStax College
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student...
Physics
ISBN:9780078807213
Author:Paul W. Zitzewitz
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
University Physics Volume 1
Physics
ISBN:9781938168277
Author:William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny
Publisher:OpenStax - Rice University