Lab 10 - The Induced EMF (1)

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Names Date INDUCED EMF SIMULATION Introduction The purpose of this activity is to study how currents can be induced in conductors by the presence of magnetic fields that change with time. Use the Answers Page (the last page) to input all your answers. According to Faraday's Law of induction a changing magnetic field induces an electric field. For an electrical circuit consisting of N identical turns of wire, the magnitude of the induced emf Δ V is proportional to the number of turns N and to the rate at which the magnetic flux ⃗ is changing: Φ( B ) ΔV = − d Φ ( B ) or Δ V = − Δ Φ( B ) (for finite interval) dt Δ t where the minus sign is referred to as the Lenz Law and indicates that the induced current in the circuit produces an induced magnetic field which opposes the change in magnetic flux. Submit your answers using Blackboard. 1 - Magnet in Motion Open the simulation (https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/faradays-law). 1. What happens to the voltage as the North pole enters into the coil from the right?
When the North pole of a magnet enters the coil from the right, it changes the magnetic flux through the coil, inducing a voltage. According to Lenz's law, this induced voltage creates a current that opposes the North pole's entrance. Thus, the coil generates a magnetic field acting against the incoming North pole. 2. What happens to the voltage as the South pole exits the coil on the left? As the South pole exits the coil on the left, the change in magnetic flux induces a voltage in the coil, as per Faraday's law. Lenz's law dictates that the induced voltage causes a current that opposes the reduction in magnetic flux. Consequently, the coil attempts to maintain the exiting South pole's magnetic field by generating a complementary field.
3. What happens to the voltage as the South pole enters into the coil from the right? The entrance of the South pole from the right induces a voltage in the coil due to changing magnetic flux. This induced voltage generates a current that opposes the South pole's entrance by creating a magnetic field that attempts to repel it. The coil acts to create its own South pole facing the incoming South pole. 4. What happens to the voltage as the North pole exits the coil moving to the right? When the North pole exits the coil, it induces a voltage by decreasing the magnetic flux through the coil. The coil generates a current that opposes this change, attempting to keep the North pole's magnetic field by attracting it back. The coil's reaction is to mitigate the loss of the North pole's magnetic influence. 5. If the magnet moves at a lower speed than in question 4 how does the voltage change? Slowing the movement of the magnet results in a slower change in magnetic flux, leading to a decrease in the induced voltage. The slower the magnet moves, the less intense the induced electrical response in the coil. 6. What happens to the light bulb when the magnet goes up and down outside the coil? Moving the magnet up and down outside the coil changes the magnetic flux through the coil, inducing a voltage that causes the light bulb to flicker or light up intermittently. 7. What happens to the light bulb when the magnet goes up and down inside the coil? Make sure that the magnet is in the center of the coil and only moves a small distance up and down. Do not touch the coil with the magnet. With the magnet centered and moving a small distance up and down inside the coil, the light bulb will flicker or light up due to rapid changes in magnetic flux. This action induces a voltage in the coil, powering the bulb without touching the coil. Put the magnet inside the coil and spin it several times. 8. What happens to the voltage? Spinning the magnet inside the coil rapidly changes the magnetic flux, inducing a voltage that fluctuates depending on the speed and direction of the spin. 9. What type of current is produced? The spinning action of the magnet inside the coil generates an alternating current (AC), characterized by periodic changes in direction and magnitude of the induced voltage and current. 2 - The Lenz Law Open this simulation (https://www.compadre.org/physlets/electromagnetism/prob29_1.cfm) When t = 0.5 s 10. Which is the direction if any of the current in Loop A? The direction of current in the loop will be counterclockwise, because as times foes on the magnetic flux passing through loop A is increasing. Thus, to oppose the increment the current must flow counterclockwise. 11. Which is the direction if any of the current in Loop B? No current. Half of the area is in the blue part and the other half is in the red part. So, the flux in the blue part is the same but opposite to the flux passing through the area in red part. So total flux at any time in loop B is zero.
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12. Which is the direction if any of the current in Loop C? The current most flow in the clockwise direction to oppose the flux passing through loop C in the outward direction. When t = 4.5 s 13. Which is the direction if any of the current in Loop A? The direction of the current is clockwise to oppose the flux is moving in the outward direction. 14. Which is the direction if any of the current in Loop B? The current is zero since half of the area is in the blue and the other half is in the red. 15. Which is the direction if any of the current in Loop C? The current is counterclockwise to oppose the flux which is moving inward. 3 – Mutual Inductance The figure below shows on the left a solenoid connected to a galvanometer (G). On the right another solenoid connected to a battery. 16. Which end of the coil with the battery becomes the North pole if the switch is closed? When the switch is closed, the end of the coil connected to the battery's positive terminal becomes the South pole, and the end connected to the negative terminal becomes the North pole, according to the right-hand rule. 17. Which end of the coil with the galvanometer becomes the North pole if the switch is closed? The end of the coil with the galvanometer that becomes the North pole depends on the direction of current flow; if the current flows in the same direction as in question 16, the corresponding end becomes the North pole. 18. What will be the direction of the current through the galvanometer (G) immediately after the switch connecting the battery is closed? Immediately after the switch connecting the battery is closed, the current through the galvanometer flows from the positive to the negative terminal of the battery, causing a deflection that indicates the direction of current flow.
4 - Ampere and Faraday A loop of wire is place above a long straight wire which has a switch. The switch is suddenly closed and a current I flows through the wire toward the right. I 19. What is the direction of the B field (generated by the straight wire) in the center of the loop? Out of the page. 20. What is the direction of the induced B field in the center of the wire? Along into the page. 21. What is the direction of the induced current in the loop? Along the clockwise direction. 22. What is the direction of induced B field on the straight wire? Out of the page. 23. What is the direction of the magnetic force acting on the straight wire? Down of the page. 5 - Electric Generator Open this simulation. (http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/HTML5/electric_generator.html ) Click Show in order to display the physical quantities.
24. What is the angle between the loop and the B field when the flux reaches its maximum values? (deg) 90 degrees 25. What is the value of the current when flux reaches its maximum values? (A) The value of the current is 0. Compare the rotation period at 4.0 s and 2.0 s. 26. How are the maximum values of the fluxes different? The maximum value is reached at every 2 units in the 2.0s period. It is reached every 4 units in the 4.0s period. 27. How are the maximum values of the induced current different? In the 2.0s period it reaches it max value 2 times faster than at the 4.0s period.
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