Physics Lab 6

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Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University *

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2048L

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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Uploaded by MagistrateCrown15779

Physics Lab 6: Collisions and Momentum Conservation Zyon Gomez, Allen Jones, Isaac McBride 2/23/2023

Introduction Newton’s Third Law states, whenever one body exerts force on another, the second body exerts a force on the first that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. That being said, the impulse delivered to each of the two bodies in each time interval is equal and opposite. The Collisions and Momentum Conservation Lab is focused around this law. Purpose The purpose of Lab 6: Conservation of Linear Momentum is to prove linear momentum can be conserved and transferred to another object. Diagram

Data Part 1 Left Initial Time (s) 0.2068 Left Post Collision Time (s) 0.5092 Right Initial Time (s) 0.2128 Right Post Collision Time (s) 0.9630 Initial Momentum of Gliders (m/s) 1.3386 Final Momentum of Gliders (m/s) 80.3385 Part 2 Left Initial Time (s) 0.2518 Post Collision Time (s) 0.2629 Part 3 Weighted Left Initial Time (s) 0.1786 Weighted Left Post Collision Time (s) 1.035 Weighted Right Initial Time (s) 0.1463 Weighted Right Post Collision Time (s) 0.9630 Glider Mass (g)

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Rubber Band Glider 202.5 Other Glider 190.5 Sample Calculation Discussion and Error Analysis This lab had some room for errors to occur. For one, it was difficult to see exactly what degree the object would start to slide at because the measuring tape on the side didn’t have accurate lines for me to see. Therefore, we had to estimate for some of our measurements. This type of error would be human error. This error may have affected our experimental values by making the data values less accurate.

Conclusion During this experiment, we spent time recording and measuring the velocity and time using different amounts of force and weight on the gliders. This was done in order to determine how much momentum was conserved for each run. While there were certain inconsistencies that prevented us from being totally accurate, we were still able to record our measurements to the best of our ability. We found that through most of our testing, the momentum was conserved. This is consistent with the law of conservation of momentum which states that the total amount of momentum should remain constant. Questions 1. Express the change in the total momentum of the system as a percentage of the initial momentum of the glider number one. Are the results of this experiment consistent with the law of conservation of momentum? Discuss possible sources of error in your measurement and express the relative error of each source as a percent. The total momentum of the system remains unchanged. These results are consistent with the law, in the sense that the amount of momentum will always remain unchanged. Instead of ever being created or destroyed, it is instead converted into other forms. Possible sources of error could be that we weren't able to consistently replicate the correct amount of force used to push the two gliders together, or potential miscalculations with the gates. 2. Are there any external forces influencing the motion of the gliders?

Aside from pushing the gliders together, the most prominent external force affecting the gliders and their motion is friction. Regardless of how much force is used to push the two gliders together, there will always be a low amount of friction from touching the rail as well as air friction as they both glide. 3. Consider the run where glider number 2 was initially stationary. How did the a stationary glider's final momentum depends on m1? On v1 initial? On m2? The stationary glider's final momentum depended on the first glider's mass very significantly. Due to the fact that the first glider weighed a little more, the momentum did not fully transfer to the second glider. This resulted in MOST of the momentum moving to the stationary glider, while the rest remained in the first glider as it continued to move a little. As for the first velocity, it was directly proportional to what happened with m1. The more velocity used, the greater the conservation of momentum. If the second mass were to increase, it would progressively become more difficult to transfer the same amount of momentum, and vice versa with smaller amounts of mass.

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