Energy and Momentum Lab-2

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Stony Brook University *

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121

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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Uploaded by BarristerFangScorpion15

Momentum and Energy Lab Introduction: Conversion of energy is the idea that energy is conserved in a structure without any other forces interfering, however; energy can be transferred from one form to another. The momentum of an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by the velocity of the object. When two objects collide, momentum is preserved. Owing to the conservation of two objects, momentum allows both the velocity and direction to be predicted based on the known initial momentum. In comparison to energy, momentum will only be conserved if there are no outside forces interacting with the object. With the completion of this lab, we will use the iOLab device along with the spring attachments to influence the conservation of energy with motion and the relationship between impulse and momentum, as stated in the directions. We will study the relationship between the potential energy of the long spring and the kinetic energy, with these steps we will be able to determine how energy is conserved. We will bounce the device off a stationary object to dictate the change in momentum. While conducting this experiment, we will calculate the impulse and compare it to the change in momentum. Procedure: Analyze the conservation of energy 1. Plug dongle into the computer and make sure the iOLab device is turned on 2. Attach the screw and spring to the force sensor of the iOLab device 3. Tilt a table so that the item is in a vertical position 4. Place the device with the wheels pointing downwards on the vertical surface 5. Turn on the wheel sensor and press record 6. Stretch the spring and allow the device to oscillate until it stops; making sure the wheel is in contact with the table 7. Stop recording and began plotting the velocity and position of the device parametrically Finding the “known” mass value 1. Attach the screw to the iOLab device with the y-axis pointing downwards 2. Press record 3. Let the device sit for a few seconds and then lift the device by the screw Calculate the impulse 1. Attach the short spring to the force probe 2. Use a device such as an iphone or ipod and place it on its side 3. Take the device and plate it on a flat surface with the wheels facing downwards 4. Make sure the screen on the iphone or ipod is colliding with the spring and hit record 5. Gently push the device so that the spring bounces off the screen 6. Let the device roll back and stop recording 7. Determine the kinetic energy

Results: Mass (kg) Impulse Δp = FΔt Velocity 0.176 0.027 0.22 m/s Figure 1. Table showing the calculated results Figure 2. Graph of the device as it oscillates Figure 3. Parametric plot of the oscillated device

Figure 4. Graph showing the device as it is lifted Δt μ σ a s Velocity 3.30404 s 0.176 m/s 0.90 m/s 0.583 m/s -0.01 m/s Acceleration 3.30422 s 0.536 m/s 0.050 m/s 1.771 m/s -0.01 m/s Figure 5. Table showing the calculated results from figure 4 Figure 6. Graph showing the potential energy before collision Figure 7. Graph showing the potential energy during collision

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Figure 8. Graph showing the potential energy after collision Impulse Δp = FΔt Velocity before collision Velocity after collision 0.234 0.000 m/s 0.317 m/s Figure 9. Table showing the calculated results from figures 5 and 7 Calculations: - Mass of the device: -9.383 m/s^2 - Fg: 1.771 N ● 1.771 N = m(-9.383 m/s^2) ● m = 0.1887 kg - Δv = v f - v i = 0.317 m/s - 0.050 m/s = 0.267 m/s - Δp = (0.1887 kg)(0.267 m/s) = 0.050 kg*m/s Discussion/ Conclusion: After completing this lab, the energy conserved was determined. The friction between the surface and the wheels on the iOLab device could have possibly altered the radius of the plot. Despite that, the impulse, which was 0.234 m/s and the change in momentum 0.744N, was able to be established. Overall, we can conclude that the change in momentum is equal to the change in impulse. Errors that could have occurred that may have affected the lab results could have been the type of surface used to let the device oscillate. This issue is a major component in this lab because if the wheels on the device were not touching the surface, the iOLab software would be able to pick up the momentum correctly. Another error that could have occurred was letting the spring compress all the way. If either of these mishaps occurred, the end result of the lab would be tampered.

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