Lab 9 Kassidy Schanzlin

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Dec 6, 2023

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Kassidy Schanzlin kschanzl@vols.utk.edu Physics 222 11/08/2023 Lab 9: Diffractions Goal: Use a stimulation to observe a He-Ne laser beam, to produce diffractions and interference patterns. With the patterns produced, be able to measure the width of a single slit and a hair and the spacing of two slits. Part 1: Observe and analyze a single slit and multiple slit diffraction patterns. (a) Drag the single slit slide into the path of the laser beam. The slit width w is 20 am. Observe the diffraction pattern. Dark fringes in the diffraction pattern of a single slit are found at angles θ for which w sin = mλ, m = 1, 2, .... To see a well-resolved pattern, use a large distance between the slit and the screen.  Verify the slit width w. Explain which measurement you made, show your calculation and your result for the slit width. There are several measurements you can make. Pick one. o W = sin. We are verifying the width which is 20. M=1. Using this we can plug in our wavelength and the angles between maxima, and it is around .3165 radians which when using that it verified to equal 20 which is out value we were given. (b) Drag the double slit slide into the path of the laser beam. Each slit is w is 20 am wide. Constructively interference at angles θ such that d sin = mλ, m = 0, 1, 2, ....  Determine the slit spacing d. Explain which measurement you made, show your calculation and your result for the slit spacing. There are several measurements you can make. Pick one. (Hint) o Equation d sin0= m(wavelength). As determined, D so the distance between the slits. We can rearrange the formula and use L=1m. If we substitute 633nm for wavelength. And . 716 for sin we get .40. o Wavelength is .633nm  sin^-1(.716) (.633). D= .40 (c) Drag the slide with four slits into the path of the laser beam. Again, each slit is w = 20 am wide.

 As you observe the pattern, does it differ from that of the double slit for the same slide to screen distance L? If yes, what is different? (Zoom in to get a better view.) o Looking at the screen distance, one can see a change in a pattern based on the number of slits. Using the stimulation, you can see the more slits = the more gaps. Part 2: Measure the thickness of a hair. Drag the slide with the hair into the path of the laser beam.  Observe the diffraction pattern on the screen. Determine the diameter w of the hair. Explain which measurement you made, show your calculation and your result for the diameter of the hair. o The formula used is D=md/sin  Sin (.633) (.00535)/Sin (.12499) = .0057  To determine sin, I measured from the central maxima to the 2nd order on the left. That value was 5.35. So, the diameter was about .0057mm.

Reflection: In conclusion, this experiment was easy to follow. I was able to use a single and double slit diffraction pattern to measure the widths of single and multiple slants in different material. Specifically, I measured materials like my hair. Although this weas a little difficult as my value will be different in comparison to my TA’s who helped me, I was still able to understand the concept and complete the assignment correctly. Using these techniques, I was able to see different characteristics of the diffraction patters. Specifically, I was able to practice using the different equations and calculating the width using sin. Most of my numbers were very small which supersede me because when the angle was less then 10, I learned to use tan instead of sin for a more accurate calculation but for this I did not have to do that. One thing that surprised me was that diameter of my hair as it was .0057. I enjoy using the stimulation since we do not have in person labs and most people do not have the material at home. IT allows me to visualize the labs better. In addition, some of my calculation might be off due to human error such as rounding but majority of calculations should be correct. I had issues with my calculator and had to get help from the TA but once that was resolved I was understanding the information. Overall, this lab was easy to understand, and the concept involved with it will help me in the future. I do recommend a more hands on experiment, but I know that could be difficult with being an online course.

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