Lab05_A (1)

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Dec 6, 2023

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Lab 5 Fluids L5-1 Name Date Partners Lab 5 - A - Blood, Sweat, and Tears OBJECTIVES After successfully completing this laboratory, you should be able to: • relate force and pressure; • understand the concepts of mass, volume, and density; • apply fundamental physical principles to the study of fluid statics; • explain what causes the buoyant force; and • understand and apply Bernoulli’s equation as a statement of energy conservation. Recommended Reading: Walker 15.1-15.8; Giancoli 13.1-13.10 EQUIPMENT In your preliminary investigation you will use a bucket of water, force probe, metal mass, plastic mass, caliper, digital scale, masking tape, and 500 mL plastic beaker. PROBLEM You are assisting with the production of a staging of Shakespeare’s Macbeth and a recent mishap in rehearsal has been called to your attention. A violent scene became so “bloody” – with stage blood, of course – that audience members seated as far away as the third row of the theater were splattered. The consensus is that the scene that led to this mishap must be moved farther from the edge of the stage to prevent a recurrence, and you have been asked to use your knowledge of physics to determine how far. The actor in this scene wears a hidden torso-length packet of stage blood that can be pierced at any height. It is up to you to determine the condition – that is, location of puncture – that will cause it to spray a stream of stage blood the farthest. Based on this information, you will be able to determine how far from the edge of the stage the scene must be acted to be certain that no spectators will be impacted. To address this question, you will model the packet of stage blood using a Toricelli apparatus, which consists of a column of water with small openings at various heights, and calculate the height at which water leaving the column will travel the greatest horizontal distance. University of Virginia Physics Department PHYS 1429, Spring 2022
L5-2 Lab 5 Fluids DISCUSSION AND EXPLORATION Question 1: Consider the following diagram of a cubical object of side length L sub- merged in a beaker of water. Sketch a free-body diagram for the cube, and be sure to indicate on what surface each force is applied. Sketch: Question 2: Drawing on your previous results, write down an equation relating all of the forces on the cube. Solve for the net force exerted by the water . In which direction does this force act? On what property of the object does it depend? On what property of the water does it depend? Explain. University of Virginia Physics Department PHYS 1429, Spring 2022
Lab 5 Fluids L5-3 Question 3: The force you just calculated is called the buoyant force . Consider an irregularly-shaped object of known mass . You suspend the object from a string and fully submerge it in water while measuring the tension in the string. How could you use the buoyant force (and any other measurable forces acting on the object) to determine the object’s volume? Its density? Derive an expression that relates the buoyant force acting on an object to the density of the object. Sketch a free-body diagram and provide a detailed explanation. Make sure to check the units and the extreme cases of your answer. For example, what happens when the tension in the string is zero? Sketch: University of Virginia Physics Department PHYS 1429, Spring 2022
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L5-4 Lab 5 Fluids Exploration Question 4: Now, you will go through the experimental process of finding the density, ρ , of an irregularly-shaped object. You will first explore the individual properties of the metal and plastic masses before attaching them to form the irregularly-shaped object of interest: the “combined body.” Watch the explanation video in your in-lab 5A assignment on WebAssign. Measure the dimensions and mass of each object, and calculate their respective volumes and densities. Show your work. Be sure to estimate the uncertainty of each measurement involved in your calculation and propagate errors. Metal: m = ± g V = ± cm 3 ρ = ± g/cm 3 Plastic: m = ± g V = ± cm 3 ρ = ± g/cm 3 University of Virginia Physics Department PHYS 1429, Spring 2022
Lab 5 Fluids L5-5 Question 5: Calculate a predicted average density for the combined body. Show your work. Be sure to propagate errors. Enter your results for predicted density in Question 7. Question 6: Watch the video on WebAssign for a suggested measurement plan. Assume that the mass and the volume of the tape are negligible. Devise your own plan to determine the density of the combined body. Explain your plan in details. Run trials and collect the data you decide are necessary. Record the raw data below. Upload resulting graphs into your in-class assignment. Hint: Refer to your earlier free-body diagram and the video on WebAssign. What force on your diagram is the force probe reading? University of Virginia Physics Department PHYS 1429, Spring 2022
L5-6 Lab 5 Fluids Question 7: Using your measured quantities, extract a value for the density of the combined object. Be sure to estimate the uncertainty of each measurement involved in your calculation and propagate errors. Predicted density of combined body = ± g/cm 3 Experimental density of combined body = ± g/cm 3 Question 8: Compare your predicted and experimental results. Pay close attention to estimated uncertainties when discussing the agreement between values. University of Virginia Physics Department PHYS 1429, Spring 2022
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Lab 5 Fluids L5-7 Concept Check Question 9: Now, consider a beaker of water placed on a scale. The combined body is then suspended in the water. Comment on each of the following student predictions regarding what happens to the reading of the scale. With which do you agree or disagree? Explain. 1. We predict the reading of the scale will not change because the object is suspended in the water and never touches the bottom of the beaker. 2. We predict the reading of the scale will increase by an amount equal to the object’s weight because water is incompressible so we are effectively weighing the object and the beaker together. 3. We predict the reading of the scale will decrease by an amount equal to the tension force suspending the object. HINT: Watch the second video in your in-lab assignment on WebAssign. You can observe what happens to the scale reading for yourself and work through the concept check options. Be prepared to discuss with the class. If time allows, you may read over next week’s manual and begin discussing the predictions. University of Virginia Physics Department PHYS 1429, Spring 2022

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