Lab Practical

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University of Rhode Island *

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100

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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Lab Practical Names: Shri Patil, Sean Kim, Ethan Pereira Introduction: In this lab we will be testing the claim that changing the amplitude of a pendulum’s swing does not affect the period. This will be tested with the use of the IOLab device. We will tie a string to the hook on the top of the IOLab device. The loose end of the string will be taped to the edge of the table to prevent it from slipping. To determine if the claim is true, the IOLab device and string setup will be treated as a pendulum. Two different positions of the IOLab device will be tested. These two positions will have noticeably different starting positions so that they can be compared. Three trials will be completed for each setup. The period of the IOLab device will be collected for the two positions so that they can be compared. Once the data has been collected, two t’ values will be determined from the sets of trials for each position. Depending on the t’ values, the claim will be proven as true or false. To minimize any potential sources of error, the IOLab device will be prevented from wobbling and rotating as it is pushed back and forth. This will be done by only starting the motion when the IOLab device is as still as possible. The string length will be kept constant, using tape to ensure that the length of the pendulum does not change overtime as multiple trials are taken. Methods: 1. Tie a string so one end is tied to a hook which is attached to the force probe of the IOLab 2. Measure the string 25 cm away from the force probe, and mark this point with a pencil 3. Take masking tape and tape this marked point to the edge of the table, and let the IOLab hang from this point (see figure 1) 4. Turn on IOLab and connect dongle to computer to begin collecting data 5. This setup will be treated as a simple pendulum 6. To prove the hypothesis that changing the amplitude of the pendulum does not affect the period, conduct 6 trials total 7. Conduct 3 trials by holding the pendulum at approximately 30 degrees from the horizontal of the table (see figure 3), then release the pendulum and let it swing 8. Record the Force vs time plot for each trial, which will produce a sinusoidal wave, allowing the period to be measured by measuring the time difference from one peak to 4 peaks after, and then dividing this time by 4 to find the time of one period. Record this period. 9. Conduct another 3 trials by holding the pendulum at approximately 60 degrees from the horizontal of the table (see figure 2), then release the pendulum and let it swing 10. Repeat step 8 for this trial 11. Compare data collected for the 2 different sets of trials, the 30 degrees amplitude and the 60 degrees amplitude

Figure 1: Initial Setup Figure 2: Large Angle Setup Figure 3: Small Angle Setup IOLab device String Large angle

Results: Large angle (lower starting position, smaller amplitude) IOLab device String Small Angle

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Small angle (higher starting position, larger amplitude)

Smaller Amplitude period

Trial 1: 2.4572/4 = 0.614 Trial 2: 2.43037/4 = 0.608 Trial 3: 2.44388/4 = 0.611 Avg period: (.614+.608+.611)/3 = .611 Range = (.614 - .608) / 2 = .006 Uncertainty = range/ √(number of trials) = .006 / √3 = .00346 Larger amplitude Period Trial 1: 2.47605/4 = 0.619 Trial 2: 2.49200/4 = 0.623 Trial 3: 2.49326/4 = 0.623 Avg period = (.619 + .623+.623) = .622 Range = .623-.619 = .004 Uncertainty = .004 /√3 = .00231 t’ = μ a - μ b / √(δ a 2 + δ b 2 ) t’ = |.622 - .611| / √( .00231^2 + .00346 2 ) = 2.64 Conclusion: The initial claim we have tested in this lab is that “Changing the amplitude of a pendulum’s swing does not affect the period” the data we have collected and compared, supports this claim. Overall we found that the amplitude had little to no effect on the period of a pendulum. We varied the amplitude by changing the starting position of the pendulum, the amplitude is directly proportional to the distance traveled by the pendulum. Varying the angle and starting position allowed us to collect data about different amplitudes. The results were relatively conclusive with a t’ value of under 3, at 2.64. This means that the data from the different angle setups likely came from the same parent distribution. Therefore changing the amplitude of the pendulum will have no effect on the period of the pendulum. Comparing the 2 averages from the different angles their time values are relatively close with .611 for the smaller angle and .622 for the larger angle, there being only a .011 second difference in period. The period was relatively unchanged despite the amplitude being increased or decreased. Work done by each person: Shri: introduction, analysis Ethan: methods, Sean: results,

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