PHYS LAB 3 - LITTLE g

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Dec 6, 2023

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MOHSEN KANJ GIORGIO WIRAWAN EKENE NNEBE INSTRUCTOR: DR. ALIREZA HASHEMI LAB 3 – LITTLE g INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this experiment is to measure the acceleration of objects in different cases and positions, using a variety of equipment such as a motion sensor, interface, timer, cart, meter stick, r. We try to find what makes a certain object move from one place to another using different ways and masses. This helps in several ways people in their everyday life use other circumstances to move objects, increase certain objects’ speed, or calculating the time for the movement of materials in several situations. PROCEDURE: In the first experiment, my group members and I were asked to let one of us hold a wooden block 1m high up the ground and another one holds a stopwatch. We wanted to drop the block from up high and let the person holding the stopwatch record the time needed for the block to hit the ground and repeat it 3 times. After repeating it 3 times and calculating the acceleration by the rule given, we noticed that there was difference in acceleration throughout the experiment.

In the second experiment, we had a track and set it up to be level, angle = 0, and made sure that the car was not moving. The next step was to lower the end of the track to a limit where the car starts to move and slide down the end of the track. Then, we measure the height of the track ends on both sides and measure the angle difference based on the equation given. 3. After we made sure that all data acquisition components are set up correctly, we measured the height of different ends of the track and calculate the angle. We place the car on the start end of the track and press start on the program on the computer as soon as we release the car and then check the results on the computer. After repeating the same procedure 3 times, we should get 3 graphs of position as a function of time, speed as a function of time, and acceleration as a function of time. 4. Finally, we repeat the same experiment as experiment 3, except we attach the large mass to the cart using the hex-head bolt and the aluminum tube. We place the car again on the start end and release it and record it on the computer 3 times until we get the results we need. DATA/CALCULATIONS/QUESTIONS: Experiment: A ROUGH MEASUREMENT: 1- Acceleration = -2 (y2-y1) / t = -2 (1) / 0.97s = -2.06 m/s^2 where t = 0.97s 2- Acceleration = -2 (y2-y1) / t = -2(1) / 0.80s = -2.5 m/s^2 where t = 0.80s 3- Acceleration = -2 (y2-y1) / t = -2(1) 0.59s = -3.38 m/s^2 where t = 0.59s Average acceleration =( A1 + A2 + A3) / 3 = (-2.06 – 2.5 – 3.38) / 3 = -2.64 m/s^2 Experiment: LEVELING THE RAMP Start end height: 54mm. Left end height: 53mm. Height Difference = 54 – 53 = 1mm.

Θ = sin^-1 (H/L) = sin^-1 (1/1220) = 0.04 °. Experiment: THE ROLLING CART AT DIFFERENT ANGLES 1 st Angle: Left Side: 63mm Right side: 58mm. Height Difference: 63 – 58 = 5mm Θ = sin^-1(h/l) = sin^-1(5/1220) = 0.203°. 2 nd Angle: Left Side: 70mm Right Side: 58mm. Height Difference: 70 – 58 = 12mm. Θ = sin^-1(h/l) = sin^-1(12/1220) = 0.56°. 3 rd Angle: Left Side: 77mm. Right Side: 58mm. Height Difference: 77 – 58 = 19mm. Θ = sin^-1(h/l) = sin^-1(19/1220) = 0.89°. LAB REPORT QUESTIONS: 1- I think that this method is not very good because I don’t think it is precise enough for us to find and measure the exact acceleration for a moving object. There may be miscoordination between the 2 persons and because it is a free weight, I don’t think we’ll get the best results we need. 2) 1 st Angle 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 f(x) = 0.15 x + 0.38 POSITION time(s) position(m)

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 f(x) = − 0.09 x + 0.38 Velocity time(s) Velocity(m/s) Slope = ( y2 – y1) / (x2 – x1) = (0.6 – 0.4) / (1.2 – 1.3) = -2. So acceleration = -2 m/s^2. Θ = 0.203°. a = gsin(Θ) => g = a/sin(Θ) => g = -2/sin(0.203) = 2 nd Angle

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 f(x) = 0.18 x + 0.22 Position time(s) position(x) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 f(x) = − 0 x + 0.21 Velocity time(s) Velocity(m/s) Slope = ( y2 – y1) / (x2 – x1) = (0.25 – 0.2) / (3-2) = 0.05. So acceleration = 0.05 m/s^2. Θ = 0.56°. a = gsin(Θ) => g = a/sin(Θ) => g = 0.05 / sin(0.56) = 5.11. 3 rd Angle

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 f(x) = 0.01 x + 0.17 Position time(s) position(m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 f(x) = − 0.04 x + 0.23 Velocity time(s) Velocity(m/s) Slope = ( y2 – y1) / (x2 – x1) = (0.4 – 0.3) / (3-2) = 0.1. So acceleration = 0.1 m/s^2. Θ = 0.89°. a = gsin(Θ) => g = a/sin(Θ) => g = -0.1/sin(0.89) = 6.4. We conclude that the 3 measurements contain different numbers of g and that is because when you change the angle of difference from the initial position to the second position, the speed will change and acceleration will change, which will affect g.

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3) Y: N – MG = 0.  N=MG. X: -F = MA. F = -MA F = muN muMG = -MA muG = -A A = -0.03 m/s^2 mu = - A/G mu = - (-0.03)/10 = 0.003. The Static Friction Coefficient is 0.003. 4) I think that the addition of mass affected the acceleration of the cart. As we can see from the results we got on the computer, there was a huge difference between the 2 parts of the experiment. When we had the same angle, we had one car with no weight and the other time it was with weight and the acceleration really changed. My analysis on this is that if you take a real-life example, if I’m 90kg and riding a scooter and my friend is 60kg and riding the same scooter, he’ll move faster, and his acceleration will be different to mine. Anything you add a mass on doesn’t have the same movement as something with a mass connected to it. CONCLUSION: We can conclude that there are different aspects of motion and measurement we should use throughout our experiments or in our daily usage of material. We discovered that the acceleration was different 3 times in the first experiment due to lack of accuracy. We also saw in the second experiment how acceleration can change as soon as we change the position of the object and

affect the angle. Moreover, it was clear that height and mass had a clear effect on the speed and acceleration of the moving body which we noticed on the computer. All these results are results we should expect because of our experience in our daily lives. Everything we use in work or doing anything is counting on mass, angles, and acceleration of the object. I would suggest adjusting the equipment in the lab very well so we could not face any problems with the balance of the materials such as the track with the car on it.

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