AP Physics LAB 1.docx (1)

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LAB – Back and Forth Motion Perform the items below in the order listed. 1. Watch video - Introduction to Labquest Stream 2. Watch video – LAB Back and Forth Motion (Remote Learning version) 3. Download and install Logger Pro software (directions in AP Physics General Info folder in Schoology) 4. Download data files of experiments performed by the instructor. Use Logger Pro software to view the files. 5. Using Logger Pro software on your computer, answer the analysis questions below. When asked to label things on the graphs, you may do it on a paper printout (to be scanned later) or you may do it digitally with some drawing software. DO YOUR OWN WORK!! A NALYSIS IN YOUR LAB REPORT, NUMBER YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE SAME NUMBER THAT THE QUESTION HAS ON THIS PAPER. Part I Oscillating Pendulum 1. Look at the graphs for the pendulum’s motion. Was the acceleration constant or changing? How can you tell? The acceleration was changing because velocity was not only positive or only negative, it was also changing signs. Using an image or a printout of the graphs, label on each graph the answers to questions 2-4. 2. Was there any point in the motion where the velocity was zero? Explain how you can tell. Yes, at points A the velocity is zero because the position is changing signs. 3. Was there any point in the motion where the acceleration was zero? Explain how you can tell. Yes, at points B acceleration is zero because velocity is changing signs. 4. Where was the pendulum bob when the acceleration was greatest? The acceleration was the greatest at point C, where velocity is the closest to the x-axis.

Part II Student Jumping in the Air Using an image or a printout of the graphs, label on each graph the answers to questions 5-7. ( Important : Only consider the time the jumper is in the air and not touching the ground). 5. Identify and label on your graph when the jumper was airborne. Was the acceleration constant or changing? How can you tell? The jumper was airborne when x is between 1.2 and 1.75 seconds. The acceleration is constant during this time because the velocity does not change signs. 6. Was there any point in the airborne motion where the velocity was zero? Explain. Yes, the velocity is zero at point A because the position changes from positive to negative. 7. Was there any point in the airborne motion where the acceleration was zero? Explain. No, the velocity is positive and does not change signs which means the acceleration will not equal zero.

Part III Mass Oscillating on a Spring 8. Look at the graphs for the spring’s motion. Was the acceleration constant or changing? How can you tell? The spring’s acceleration was changing because velocity was constantly changing signs. Using an image or a printout of the graphs, label on each graph the answers to questions questions 9-11. 9. Was there any point in the motion where the velocity was zero? Explain how you can tell. Yes, at points A the velocity was zero because the position was changing signs from positive to negative or from negative to positive. 10. Was there any point in the motion where the acceleration was zero? Explain how you can tell. Yes, at points B the acceleration was zero when the velocity was changing signs from positive to negative or from negative to positive.

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11. Where was the mass when the acceleration was greatest? The mass when acceleration was the greatest is at point C because it is closest to the sensor at that point. 12. How does the motion of the oscillating spring compare to that of the pendulum? The displacement of the motion of the oscillation spring is less but the time intervals between each change in velocity are smaller. Part IV Ball Tossed into the Air ( Important : Only consider the time the ball is in the air, not while being touched). 13. Was the acceleration constant or changing? How can you tell? The acceleration did not change when the ball was in the air because the velocity during that time was decreasing and constant.

14. Review the velocity graph to determine the sign of the acceleration of the ball when it was on the way up, at the top, and on the way down. What did you discover? The acceleration is constant and negative the entire time. 15. Using an image or a printout of the graphs, label on each graph any point in the airborne motion where the velocity was zero. Explain your choice. At point A, the velocity equals zero because position changes from positive to negative. 16. Was there any point in the airborne motion where the acceleration was zero? Explain how you can tell. There was no point during the airborne motion when acceleration was zero because it was negative the entire time. Part V Dynamics Cart on an Incline Important: Only consider the time the cart is rolling (not bouncing or being pushed).

17. Was the acceleration while rolling constant or changing? How can you tell? The acceleration while rolling remained constant because the velocity was increasing and did not change signs. 18. Use the velocity graph to determine the sign of the acceleration of the cart when it was on the way up, at the top, and on the way down the incline. What did you discover? On the way up, the acceleration was positive. At the top, the acceleration is still positive. On the way down, the acceleration is also positive. Using an image or printout of the graphs, label on each graph the answers to questions 19-23. Label on the part of the graph when the cart travels the highest up the ramp. 19. Was there any point in the motion where the velocity was zero? Explain how you can tell. Yes, at points A the velocity is zero because the position is changing signs. 20. Was there any point in the motion where the acceleration was zero? Explain how you can tell. Yes, at points B the acceleration was zero because the velocity is changing signs. The graphs you have recorded are fairly complex, and it is important to identify different regions of each graph. Record your answers directly on the graphs.

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21. Identify on the velocity vs. time graph the region when the cart was being pushed by your hand. 22. Label the region on each graph where the cart was rolling freely and moving up the ramp. 23. Label the region on each graph where the cart was rolling freely and moving down the ramp. 24. On the position vs. time graph, locate the highest point of the cart on the ramp. Note that this point is the closest approach to the Motion Detector. Mark the spot and record the value on the graph. ● What was the velocity of the cart at the top of its motion? ● What was the acceleration of the cart at the top of its motion? ● Which direction is the positive direction? 25. The motion of an object in constant acceleration modeled by x = v 0 t + ½ at 2 , where x is the distance, v 0 is the initial velocity, t is time, and a is the acceleration. This is a quadratic equation whose graph is a parabola. If the cart moved with constant acceleration while it was

rolling, your graph of position vs. time will be parabolic. To fit a quadratic equation to your data, a. Identify the parabolic region of the position graph. b. Tap and drag your stylus across the region. Choose Zoom In from the Graph menu to zoom in on just the parabola. c. Tap and drag your stylus across the parabola to select the region. d. Choose Curve Fit ► Position from the Analyze menu. e. Select Quadratic as the Fit Equation. Click Try Fit. f. If you do this in Logger Pro, the equation will be added to your graph and you can print (or image) it with your graph g. Select OK. Is the cart’s acceleration constant during the free-rolling segment? What is it’s value? (Note the coefficient on the t 2 term is ½ of a ). 26. The graph of velocity vs. time will be linear if the acceleration is constant. To fit a line to this data, a. Note that the y-axis of the graphs can be changed by tapping on them. Set the y-axis of the bottom graph to Velocity (it is probably already set to that). b. Identify and select the linear region of the graph. Tap and drag your stylus across the region to select the data points. c. Choose Curve Fit ► Velocity from the Analyze menu. d. Select Linear as the Fit Equation. e. If you do this in Logger Pro, the equation will be added to your graph and you can print (or image) it with your graph. How closely does the slope correspond to the acceleration you found in the previous step? 27. How does the value of the acceleration compare with each successive journey up the ramp? The acceleration remains the same with each successive journey up the ramp. BE SURE TO NUMBER YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE SAME NUMBER THAT THE QUESTIONS HAVE.

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