Diffraction Grating

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Oct 30, 2023

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SPH4U Name: Kamron Diffraction Grating Part I: What is a diffraction grating? Before using the interactive diffraction grating simulation, use section 10.3 (pages 520 - 524) of the Nelson 12 Physics textbook to help answer the following questions: a) What is a diffraction grating? A device with a large number of equally spaced parallel slits that produces interference patterns. b) How is white light interacting with a diffraction grating similar to white light interacting with a prism? How are the two different? A prism achieves dispersion due to the difference in the material refractive index according to the wavelength. However, the diffraction grating uses the difference in diffraction direction for each wavelength due to interference. Both achieve dispersion of light and interference. c) What are the two different types of diffraction gratings and how do they differ? Transmission gratings, which transmit light. Reflection gratings, which reflect light. d) We have learned how light behaves when it passes through a single slit and through two slits. What do you predict happens to light when it passes through many slits? An interference pattern is created that is very similar to the one formed by a double slit. Part II: What variables affect the diffraction grating interference pattern? Use the Geogebra oPhysics Diffraction Grating Laser Lab Interactive Simulation to observe and measure the interference patterns produced by different diffraction gratings 1) Explore: Check the “Grating in Place” option. What happens to the light on the screen? What does this pattern remind you of? Double slit pattern. 2) Explain: Use your own words to explain what happens to the interference pattern on the screen when: a) The “Screen to Grating Distance” is decreased (keeping all other variables constant): No change in interference, the light just passes through the screen quicker. b) The “Grating Lines per mm” is increased (keeping all other variables constant): Angle between each light waves increase.
c) The “Wavelength” is increased (keeping all other variables constant): Angle between each light wave increase and change colour. 3) We can use similar equations developed for double-slit interference in terms of relating wavelengths and path difference for constructive interference created by a diffraction grating, namely: m 𝝀 = wsin 𝜃 , where w is the width between slits and m = 0, 1 , 2….representing the mth-order maximum (with respect to the central or zero-order maximum at 𝜃 = 0). If N = number of grating lines per unit length, w can be found by using the equation w = 1/N. a) Use these diffraction equations to find the angle of the first-order maxima when 𝝀 = 532 nm and N = 350 lines/mm where L = 10 m (if you need a sample problem to look at, see p. 523 in section 10.3 of the Nelson 12 Physics textbook). Double-check your answer using the simulation and considering that sin 𝜃 = 𝚫 y/L still holds here. W = 1/350mm = 2.857 * 10^-6 m, m = 1, 𝝀 = 5.32 * 10^-7 m 𝝀 = 𝜃 𝑤 * 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 10.73 degrees or 11 degrees with sig figs. b) Try practice questions #1-3 on page 523 in section 10.3 of the Nelson 12 Physics textbook after completing this worksheet for extra practice. Part III: Applications of Diffraction Gratings 1) Looking at the Figure to the right, why do you think diffraction gratings are used, rather than single slit or two-slit screens, for applications where wavelength of light is trying to be determined, such as a spectrometer? Since each wave-length produces diff action peaks in different directions, it makes a diffraction grating a good tool for separating light of different wavelengths. 2) Research how diffraction gratings are used in CD & DVDs: CD s and DVD s can act as diffraction gratings because of the way they are made; they have grooves or spacings ranging in micrometers called tracks in which the information can be recorded. These spiral grooves in a CD act like a diffraction grating causing the colors you see when you look at a CD.
3) What can the different colours of light you see when you look at the surface of a CD or DVD be attributed to? The colours that you see on the CD are created by white light reflecting from ridges in the metal. When light reflects off or passes through something with many small ridges or scratches, you often get rainbow colours and interesting interference patterns.
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