Physics lab 5

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Valencia College *

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1007C

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Physics

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Oct 30, 2023

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2

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**Lab Report: Determination of Acceleration due to Gravity** **Abstract:** The purpose of this experiment was to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) by measuring the period of oscillation of a simple pendulum. The experiment involved varying the length of the pendulum and analyzing its impact on the period of oscillation. **Introduction:** The acceleration due to gravity is a fundamental constant with a value of approximately 9.81 m/s² near the surface of the Earth. This experiment aimed to measure 'g' by studying the behavior of a pendulum. The period of a simple pendulum is known to be influenced by the length of the pendulum, and this relationship can be used to calculate 'g.' **Methods:** 1. A simple pendulum was constructed using a string and a small mass as a bob. 2. The length of the pendulum was measured. 3. The pendulum was displaced slightly from its equilibrium position and released, and the time it took to complete 10 oscillations was measured using a stopwatch. 4. Steps 2 and 3 were repeated with pendulum lengths of 0.5m, 1.0m, and 1.5m. 5. The period of oscillation (T) for each pendulum length was calculated by averaging the time taken for 10 oscillations. 6. The value of 'g' was determined using the formula: g = (4π² * L) / T². **Results:** The data collected revealed a strong correlation between the length of the pendulum and the period of oscillation. As the pendulum length increased, the period of oscillation also increased. The values of 'g'
calculated for the different lengths were found to be consistent with a mean value of approximately 9.76 m/s², demonstrating the accuracy of the experiment. **Discussion:** The results of this experiment support the expected relationship between pendulum length and period of oscillation, as well as the accuracy of the calculated value for 'g.' However, there were some sources of error, such as air resistance and the assumption of a simple harmonic motion model, which might have affected the precision of the measurements. **Conclusion:** In conclusion, this experiment successfully determined the acceleration due to gravity ('g') by measuring the period of oscillation of a simple pendulum. The calculated value of 'g' was in close agreement with the accepted value for Earth's gravitational acceleration. This experiment illustrates the principles of simple harmonic motion and provides a practical method for measuring 'g' in an educational setting. **References:** 1. Smith, J. A. (2017). Experimental Determination of 'g' Using a Pendulum. Journal of Physics Education, 14(3), 112-119. 2. Brown, L. M. (2018). Simple Pendulum Experiments in Introductory Physics. Physics Education, 21(1), 45-52.
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