Lab 6

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Oct 30, 2023

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XXXX Lab Partners (Brenna Ashley & Ayi-Lissa Dotson) Physics 1101 Newton’s Second Law 10/10/22
Purpose Newton’s Second Law states that the force acting on a body is equal to the mass (m) of the body multiplied by the acceleration (a) of its centre of mass F = ma. The objective of this lab is to explore the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration. This is to be achieved by experimentally measuring the acceleration of a cart on a track and comparing the results with values obtained through Newton’s Second Law. Equipment ● Assorted Slotted Masses ● Dynamics Cart Track (ME-9430A) ● (3) Dynamics Cart Track Feet (ME-8972) ● Mass Hanger ● Pasco Wireless Smart Car (ME-1240) ● Pulley ● Scissors ● String ● USB Bluetooth 4.0 Adapter P18295 (PS-3500) Procedure Assembling Place one foot on each end of the track to level it. The third foot will be placed on Apparatus the end of the track to prevent the cart from running off of it. Find and record the mass of the cart. Begin with and 𝑚₂ = 50 𝑔?𝑎𝑚? . Attach mass hanger and cart with the string 𝑚₁ = 𝑐𝑎?? 𝑚𝑎?? + 200 𝑔?𝑎𝑚? provided and ensure the string is only touching the cart, mass hanger, and pulley. Pasco Go to Sensor Data on Pasco Capstone. Ensure USB adapter is plugged into the Capstone computer and that the cart is powered on. Make sure the cart possesses the same six digit number as the one presented on the screen. Click on the graph and set up data collection. Use acceleration (m/s²) for the y-axis and position (cm) for the x-axis. Data Record the total mass of the cart and masses on the data table. Release the mass Collection hanger and let it fall to the ground. This will cause the cart to move down the Track. Make sure to catch the cart instead of letting it hit the floor. Read the acceleration of the cart off of the graph from the 50 cm position and record this in the data table. Compare theoretical and experimental accelerations for each set of masses and calculate the percent error and record this in the data table.
Mathematical Solutions Theoretical 𝑎 = (𝑚₂𝑔) ÷ (𝑚₁ + 𝑚₂) 𝑎 = (50 𝑔 × 9. 80 𝑚/?²) ÷ (472. 6 𝑔 + 50 𝑔) = . 94 𝑚/?² ( All theoretical data was collected in a similar manner for a total of 11 trials ) Actual 𝑎ₐᵥᵨ = (𝑎₁ + 𝑎₂ + 𝑎₃) ÷ 3 𝑎ₐᵥᵨ = (9. 8 𝑚/?² + 9. 8 𝑚/?² + 9. 7 𝑚/?²) ÷ 3 = 9. 8 𝑚/?² ( All experimental data was collected in a similar manner for a total of 11 trials ) Percent Difference Percent Difference ( δ ) = ( |Actual − Theoretical| ) ÷ ( |Theoretical| ) δ = ( |9. 8 𝑚/?² −. 94 𝑚/?²| ) ÷ ( |. 94 𝑚/?²| ) = 942% ( All data regarding percent difference was collected in a similar manner for a total of 11 trials )
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Conclusion Through this lab, the relationship that occurs when the mass of an object is increased while net force remains constant was learned. Every time more mass was removed from an object and it was pulled with net force the acceleration increased due to the displacement of mass. Despite the experiment seemingly getting carried out properly, the calculated experimental acceleration remained very large and did not vary by much over the course of the experiment. As a result, a possible source of error lies within erroneous so±ware which can be visualized by the average acceleration of ~9.8 m/s² rather than a steady progression in acceleration. In spite of the high percent error, this lab has served its purpose in allowing the investigation of Newton’s Second Law.

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