Lab 1-1 D Motion(1)

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PHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One- Dimensional MotionPHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One-Dimensional Motion Name: __________________________ TOTAL: 100 Points Lab partner(s): ________________, ___________________, _____________________ Pre-Lab: [20 Points] 1) Below is some data collected for someone on a jog. Use any two data points to estimate their velocity. Show the entire calculation and include units. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 time (seconds) position (meters) 2) Given the following velocity vs. time graph, describe (in words) how you would move to match the motion described by the graph. Use words like faster, slower, toward, away, etc. Assume that a positive velocity is “forward” and a negative velocity is “backward”. 1111

PHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One- Dimensional MotionPHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One-Dimensional Motion 3) Suppose you throw a rock straight up into the air and let it fall back to the ground. Sketch the velocity vs. time and acceleration vs. time graphs for the rock while it is in the air. 4) Is there any way you could create the following position versus time graphs? Why or why not? (Hint: I cannot be in two places at once nor can I be in zero places at once.) 2222 x time

PHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One- Dimensional MotionPHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One-Dimensional Motion Purpose:  To understand position, velocity and acceleration with respect to time  To be able to use differentiation and integration in investigating the relationship between position, velocity and acceleration Theory: The device that we will use to measure position is called a motion detector . It works by sending out ultrasonic sound waves and measuring how long it takes for the sound wave sent out to return. By knowing the speed of sound in air and how long it took for the wave to return, the computer can compute the distance to an object by using where is the velocity of sound in air. All measuring equipment has its limitations and the motion detector is no exception, it can take some getting used to and has a couple of quirks: 3333 x time

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PHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One- Dimensional MotionPHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One-Dimensional Motion  The motion detector can only detect one object at a time, so if there are several objects in front of it you won’t know which one it is detecting. Sometimes if you get strange looking data one of the first things you can try is to clear objects out of the sensor’s way.  If you place an object within 15 cm or so of the motion sensor it does not have a fast enough response time to detect the sound wave bouncing back to it, instead it records an echo. This can give you some strange results so always try to keep objects further out than roughly 15 cm. All the motion detector can measure is distance but the computer can display velocity and acceleration as well. It does this by measuring two successive distances x 1 and x 2 and by recording the difference in time between the measurements, Δt. The computer then calculates an average velocity . It does this over and over and over again in order to give you the velocity at each instant of time (you can change the “sample rate” in DataStudio, which is how often the sensor sends out a sound wave). A similar calculation is used to display the acceleration. In general, the most accurate measurement you can make is the position; the velocity and acceleration become successively worse as the computer has to average over its measurements (errors propagate through calculations). In other words, the random scatter in the data you take will be magnified from position to velocity, and from velocity to acceleration. In this lab a lot of information will be displayed graphically, especially position versus time, and velocity versus time. For example, in a position versus time graph the time is traditionally plotted on the horizontal axis and the position is on the vertical axis. A lot of information can be stored in a position versus time graph, for example:  The position of an object at a certain time can be read directly off the vertical axis for any instant of time.  The instantaneous speed of an object is the magnitude of the slope at every instant of time.  And the direction of motion is determined by the sign of the slope (positive slopes go with positive velocities) Equipment: 1) Computer 2) Capstone Software 4444

PHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One- Dimensional MotionPHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One-Dimensional Motion 3) Passport Motion Sensor 4) Track 5) Collision Cart 6) Toy Buggy 7) Block to raise the track. Experiment: (80 Points total, including 30 points for the 3 graphs.) In this lab, you will analyze the motion of objects moving along a line (i.e. in 1-D). You will use a motion sensor, and you will need to keep the following in mind: - The motion sensor works by bouncing sound waves off of an object and waiting for an echo. - An object must be located 15 cm or more from the motion detector; the detector can’t respond quickly enough if the object is placed within 15 cm. - When reading velocity graphs: o A positive value means the object is moving away from the detector o A negative value means the object is moving toward the detector Part 1: Constant Velocity In this section you’ll run a toy buggy along the track. Assume that it moves at constant velocity. Set the switch on the motion sensor to the “cart” position. Motion Sensor 5555

PHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One- Dimensional MotionPHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One-Dimensional Motion Restart Capstone and set up graphs for position and velocity. 1) Predict the position vs. time graph and velocity vs. time graph for the buggy moving away from the motion sensor. 6666

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PHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One- Dimensional MotionPHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One-Dimensional Motion 2) Run the buggy away from the motion sensor and record graphs for position and time. Sketch them below. 3) Describe and explain any differences between your predictions and your measurements. 4) Use your position versus time graph from Capstone to determine the slope of your graph. Highlight a range of points on your graph then apply selcted curve fit choose linear. You will get slope of your X vs T graph. Velocity = ____________ (m/s) (from Slope of x vs t graph) Use your velocity versus time graph from Capstone to determine the slope of your graph. Highlight a range of points on your graph then select “mean” value from . You will get average value of your V vs T graph. 7777

PHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One- Dimensional MotionPHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One-Dimensional Motion Velocity(avg) = ____________ (m/s) (from Average of v vs t graph) %Difference = | V avg − V slope V avg | ∗ 100 = ¿ ________________________ % 5) Describe what would happen to each graph if you were to run the buggy toward the motion sensor instead of away from it. a. Position graph: b. Velocity graph: Part 2: Cart on a Ramp Set up the cart, motion detector and ramp as shown: 8888

PHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One- Dimensional MotionPHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One-Dimensional Motion For this run, you will place the Pasco cart on the ramp and then let go. Consider the motion from when you let go to when it reaches the bottom of the ramp again . 1) Predict what the velocity versus time graph will look like. 2) Ignoring the data for which your hand was in contact with the cart, describe and explain any differences between your predicted and recorded graphs. 9999

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PHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One- Dimensional MotionPHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One-Dimensional Motion Part 3: Constant Acceleration In this part, you will place the Pasco cart at the bottom of the ramp and will give a slight push up the ramp towards the sensor. Start the recording as soon as you give a push up the ramp, see how close it gets to the sensor, and let it roll back down the track. 1) Sketch predictions for the position vs. time graph, the velocity vs. time graph, and the acceleration vs. time graph. 2) Obtain and sketch the position vs. time graph, velocity vs. time graph and acceleration vs. time graph. 10101010 Motion sensor cart

PHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One- Dimensional MotionPHY 111 LabLab 1: One-Dimensional MotionPHY 111 Lab Lab 1: One-Dimensional Motion 3) Describe and explain any discrepancies between your predictions and your measurements. 4) Indicate the position (location) on the position-time graph where the cart is closest to the motion sensor. 11111111

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