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Name: Jillian King Lab#: 013 Lab partners: Sophie Patterson Physics 222 Lab Report Goal: Exercise 1:  Place a positive charge A at x = -2, y = 0.  Produce arrows at various positions. What can be said about the magnitude of the electric field at points near the charge and far from the charge? What is the direction of the electric field? What is the electric field strength in N/C and the direction of the electric field at x = 0, y = 0 and at x = 4, y = 0? (Paste a picture of your screen into your word document.)  The magnitude of the electric field is greater closer to the positive charge A, and becomes weaker as it gets farther away. The electric field appears to travel away from the charge A. At point (0,0), the electric field strength is 22.9N/C in the positive x direction, and at point (4,0) the electric field strength is 2.5N/C in the positive x direction. This makes the vector charge 24.4N/C.  Place a second positive charge B at position x = 2, y = 0.

o What happens to the electric field vector at various positions upon introducing charge B? What is the electric field strength in N/C and the direction of the electric field at x = 0, y = 0 and at x = 4, y = 0? Can you explain their magnitude and direction of the electric field at those positions using vector addition of the field vectors of the two individual charges? (Paste a picture of your screen into your word document.)  Upon introducing charge B, the electric field vectors around both charges are similar to they were around charge A, however, the vectors become smaller as they approach the space in between the two charges. At position (0,0), the direction of the electric field is 2.3N/C in the positive x direction, and at position (4,0) the vector is 24.6N/C in the positive x direction. This makes the vector charge 26.9N/C.  Change the sign of charge B, i.e. replace the positive with a negative charge and answer these questions: o What happens to the electric field vector at various positions upon introducing charge B? What is the electric field strength in N/C and the direction of the electric field at x = 0, y = 0 and at x = 4, y = 0? Can you explain their magnitude and direction of the electric field at those positions using vector addition of the field vectors of the two individual charges? (Paste a picture of your screen into your word document.)

 Changing the charge B to be negative causes the vectors surrounding it to point towards the charge B, and the vectors close to charge A that point towards charge B are even greater in magnitude. The rest of the vectors seem to follow a similar trend of being greater in magnitude closer to the charges, and lesser in magnitude when farther away. At position (0,0), the vector is 45N/C in the positive x direction, and at position (4,0), the vector is 20N/C in the negative x direction. This makes the vector charge 65N/C. Exercise 2: Drawing field lines to represent a field Download a copy of this word document containing diagrams of several charge configurations. Paste the diagrams into your word document. Draw field lines on the diagrams. (In Word, click Review, Start Inking to draw with the mouse or a pen, or click Insert, Shapes and then click the Scribble icon to draw with the mouse.) Field lines should leave or enter a charge symmetrically, and the number of lines entering or leaving should be proportional to the magnitude of the charge.

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Answer the following questions.  If there is no field line drawn at a particular point, does this mean there is no field at that point? Explain! o No, the lines just indicate direction, just because there is no life that does not mean there is no field  As you approach a field line, does the field get stronger? Explain! o No, electric field only tells magnitude and direction not strength  Is it possible for two field lines to cross each other? Explain! o No, field lines cannot cross under any circumstance Experiment Obtain a piece of sticky tape, about 15 - 20 cm in length. For ease in handling, make "handles" by folding each end of tape to form portions that are not sticky. Press the tape firmly onto a smooth, unpainted surface, for example, onto a textbook or onto the table. Then quickly peel the tape off the surface and hang it from a support. Describe the behavior of the tape as you bring objects, such as a finger or a pen, towards it.

- The tape is attracted to the objects that are brought near it Make another piece of tape as described above. Bring the second tape toward the first tape with the non-sticky sides facing each other. Describe your observations. It is important, that during this experiment you keep your hands and other objects away from the tapes. Explain why this precaution is necessary. Describe how the distance between the tapes affects the interaction between them? - This precaution is necessary so you can observe how the tape interacts only with the other piece of tape and is not being influenced by other surrounding objects. The pieces of tape are attracted to each other and get closer to touching because they are more attracted as they are brought closer together. Press two pieces of tape onto the surface and write a B (for bottom) on them. Then press another tape on top of each B tape and label it T (for top). Pull each pair of tapes off the surface as a unit. After they are off the surface, separate the T and B tapes. Hang one of the T tapes and one of the B tapes from a support. Describe the interaction between the following pairs of tape when they are brought near one another.  Two T tapes o The 2 top tapes repel each other  Two B tapes o The 2 bottom tapes also repel each other  One T and one B tape o The top and bottom tapes were attracted to each other Our electrostatic materials kits contain rods and rags made from different materials. Consult the table of triboelectric materials below. The items on top are less attractive to electrons and become positively charged when rubbed against items below, while the items on the bottom are more attractive to electrons and become negatively charged when rubbed against items above.

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 Human Skin (usually too moist though) (very positive)  Rabbit Fur  Glass  Human Hair  Nylon  Wool  Fur  Lead  Silk  Aluminum  Paper  Cotton  Steel (neutral)  Wood  Lucite  Amber  Hard Rubber  Nickel, Copper  Brass, Silver  Gold, Platinum  Polyester  Styrene (Styrofoam)  Saran Wrap  Polyurethane  Polyethylene (like scotch tape)  Polypropylene  Vinyl (PVC)  Silicon  Teflon (very negative) Choose a rod and a rag, for example a PVC rod and wool rag or a Lucite rod and a vinyl rag. Rub the rod vigorously with the rag and then hold the rod near newly-made T and B tapes hanging from a support. Compare the interactions of the rod with the tapes to the previously observed interactions between the tapes. Describe any similarities or differences. - The rod repels from the B tape and is attracted to the T tape The rod and the tapes interact, because they are electrically charged.

Answer the following questions based on the observations you have made thus far.  How many different types of charge do there appear to be? Explain. o There appear to be 3 types of charges, a negative, a positive and a zero  Which tape, T or B, has a positive charge? Explain how you come to this conclusion. o The T tape appears to have a positive charge since it is attracted to the negatively charged rod, while the B tape has a negative charge since it is repelled from the rod. Now remove all tape from the support. Attach a small piece of Styrofoam to approximately 30 cm of insulating string and hang it from a support. Touch the Styrofoam piece to a charged rod and observe the behavior of the piece after it touches the rod. Is the piece charged? If so, does the piece have net charge with the same sign the rod? Explain how you can tell. - The piece would be charged, however the net charge if it is different than the rod since it was attracted to the rod. Exercise 3: The figure below shows two tapes. What kind of charge could be on tape 1 and tape 2? Explain! - The charges on tape 1 and tape 2 are both negative or both positive since they are repelling each other

Review polarization . Imagine the following situation. Two metal balls are touching each other. A charged rod is brought near the left one. While the rod is near, the right ball is taken away. Finally the rod is taken away. At the end of this procedure, the left-hand metal ball has a negative charge. Describe what you think is happening. Why is the left ball negatively charged at the end of the procedure? Explain! - As the positively charged rod is brought towards the balls, the negative charges gather in the left ball as they move towards the positively charged rod, and the positive charges gather in the right ball to move away from the positively charged rod. Once the right ball is removed you are only left with the left ball with negative charges in it. Reflection (short essay): In one or two sentences state the goal of this lab, then write a short reflection on your understanding of the lab answering the following question in blue. Also, please include any questions or comments if you have any, including not understanding parts of the lab: Did you feel like you understood what you were doing during today’s

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exercises and experiment, or did you just follow instructions? Do your results make sense to you, or do you expect them to be wrong? Why? - I think I understood what we were doing during lab relatively well, considering I was very confused in lectures this week. My results make sense to me, however I do not expect my vector addition to be correct because I am still unsure how to do vector addition.

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