Doppler+Lab+Worksheet (1)

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Name Zayra Mendez Date February 6 Doppler Effect Lab This lab will cover how the Doppler Effect works and how the sound changes in different conditions. Here are some terms to remember as you work through the lab.  Pitch – How low or high a tone sounds to a person.  Frequency – The number of waves that pass a specific point per second.  Doppler Effect – As the source of a wave (sound or light) approaches an observer, the observer sees/hears a higher frequency than the source actually is emitting. As the source moves away from an observer, the observer sees/hears a lower frequency wave than the source actually is emitting. Open the Sound simulation. https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/sound-waves/latest/sound-waves_all.html Part 1: Visualizing Sound Waves Choose the tab that says “Intro.” Check "Listener Audio" and alter the frequencies using the slider at the top right of the screen. Your screen should look like the image below. Image1: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/sound-waves/latest/sound-waves_all.html

1. Change the pitch from low to high and observe the waves. Describe how the waves behave. (10 Points) Hint: Pitch is not a setting, but think of how you might change pitch with the settings in the simulation. Low Pitch High Pitch 2. Choose the tab that says "Two Sources." Check "Listener Audio" and alter the frequencies. Start with the frequency and amplitude in the middle and then change one at a time. Compare and contrast the sound with one source versus two sources. (10 pts) 3. Draw a picture of the sound waves when the frequency and amplitude are in the middle. (5 pts) 4. Select the “Air Pressure” tab and check "Listener Audio." Alter the frequencies. Once you hear the sound, lower the air pressure to zero. Watch the pressure indicator above the speaker decrease. Describe what you hear as the air pressure goes down to zero. At what air pressure did you stop hearing the sound? Why are you not hearing any sound when all the air is removed? (15 pts) Part 2: Doppler Shift In this part of the lab, you will listen to a car horn as it passes a stationary observer. Watch and listen to the video: https://youtu.be/a3RfULw7aAY?si=KG86JCQFDsE65du7 Lower frequency waves correlate with lower pitch. There is more distance between the sound waves. The waves will appear more densely packed and have shorter wavelengths at higher pitch. The sound wave was loud in the middle, starting with the frequency and amplitude. then make each adjustment individually. The waves fluctuate when I adjust the frequency and amplitude; they can also become louder or quieter. Examine and contrast the sound coming from two sources vs one. The interference between the waves coming from the two sources causes the loudness to vary. The sound gradually loses loudness and intensity as the air pressure drops to zero. As the air pressure drops, the sound first gets softer and changes in quality. As the pressure continues to diminish, the sound gets thinner or fainter. As the air pressure got closer to zero, the sound completely disappeared.

Use the image below to help you answer the questions. 5. Play the video clip that is in Part 2 of your lesson and explain how the car horn is demonstrating the Doppler Shift. (10 pts) 6. Draw a picture (with wave fronts) illustrating the Doppler Effect of the car and the horn as it approaches and moves away in the video. Label which fronts are high and low frequency. Use the image above to help you. (10 pts) The horn emits sound waves that have a specific frequency and travel outward in all directions. The sound waves are compressed as the car approaches the viewer, which raises the frequency of the sound waves that the observer hears. A higher pitch, or "higher" note, is the result of this. Approaching Driving away

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Part 3 Watch the video: https://youtu.be/nYx21HoDHQs?si=7QVBImyEoIFuU1L5 7. Why does the sound from the tuning fork disappear once it touches the water? (10 pts) 2. What causes the waves to form in the beaker of water? (10 pts) Conclusion: (5 pts each) 1. When a car moves toward the listener, the sound of the horn has what pitch? a. low b. high c. normal 2. When a car moves away from the listener, the sound of the horn has what pitch? a. low b. high c. normal 3. The changed pitch of the Doppler effect is due to the in a. wave speed b. wave frequency c. wave amplitude 4. Which of the following sources would produce the Doppler effect? Check all that apply. ____ An airplane passing overhead. ____ A person running past a loud stereo. ____ Children chasing an ice cream truck that is playing music. ____ A person watching television sitting on the sofa. The sound from the tuning fork is effectively transported into the water medium and away from the observer in air, but once it enters the water, it vanishes because sound waves travel more efficiently and lose energy more slowly in water than in air. When the tuning fork touches the water's surface, it disturbs the surface, which causes the water molecules to shift and send waves outward from the point of contact. This is how the waves originate in the beaker of water.

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