Phi 237 - Practice Exam #5 Fall 2023 - Anderson Sandel Velleman
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Jan 9, 2024
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Practice Exam # 5 Answers
Anderson
1P. Elizabeth Anderson believes that children produced by surrogacy
are harmed because:
a. they would have been better off if they never existed
b. they are treated in accordance with market norms rather parental norms
c. they may never be told that a surrogate is their mother
d. the soliciting party is unlikely to love the child as much as the surrogate
would
2P
Liz Anderson believes that the altruism of
some
commercial surrogates
is not the healthiest kind but motivated by low self-esteem or unresolved
issues left over from an earlier loss of a child.
3P
Anderson believes that surrogacy is permissible when the contract is not
binding
4P.
Elizabeth Anderson protests that surrogacy degrades women and limits
their autonomy by devaluing the evolving perspective that they may
undergo during their pregnancy.
5P.
The insecurities of surrogacy kids can’t be assuaged like those of
adopted kids as only the latter can be told they are where they are because
their mother loved them & wanted what was best
6P
. Elizabeth Anderson claims that commercial surrogacy is
alienating
because it takes advantage of the surrogate's noncommercial motivations
for entering into the contract
7P
.
Elizabeth Anderson claims that surrogacy is
exploitative
because it
denies legitimacy to the surrogate's evolving perspective.
8P.
Elizabeth Anderson protests that surrogacy degrades women and limits
their autonomy by devaluing the evolving perspective that they may
undergo during their pregnancy.
9P.
Elizabeth Anderson’s critics accuse her position on surrogacy of being
“paternalistic” because she is seeking to legally impose her ideal of the
proper family structure upon others.
10P. Elizabeth Anderson believes that if surrogate contracts are not
legally binding then:
a. surrogates will be better off
b. they will be exploited even more as the soliciting party or their advocate
will have to manipulate the surrogate to get her to relinquish the child since
the police can’t take the child away from her
c. the surrogate will still lose the child in a custody battle
d. all of the above
11P. Elizabeth Anderson fears that choosing the traits of our
children:
a. will mean children will be superior to the non-genetic parents raising
them
b. will be at odds with the ideal of parents unconditionally loving their
children
c. will lead to euthanizing children without the desired traits.
d. will create a slippery slope where we harvest organs of the untalented for
the gifted
12P. Anderson claims that surrogacy is exploitative because:
a. it pays surrogates less than minimum wage for their round-the-clock
services
b. it doesn’t respect the surrogate’s evolving perspective
c. it doesn’t allow surrogates to opt out of the contract without penalty
d. it takes unfair advantage of the non-commercial motivations of the
surrogates
Velleman
13P.
“Euthanasia” is derived from Greek words that mean:
a. autonomous death
b. intentional death
c. good death
d. physician-assisted suicide
14P
All cases of Physician-assisted suicide differ from euthanasia in
that:
a. death is always good for the person who commits suicide
b. death is never good for the person who commits suicide
c. the final fatal act is undertaken by the patient rather than the physician
d. the final fatal act is undertaken by the physician instead of the patient
15P
.
Letting die a terminally ill newborn in great pain because the
baby would be better off dead is:
a. Involuntary passive euthanasia
b. Nonvoluntary passive euthanasia
c. Nonvoluntary active euthanasia
2
d. Involuntary passive euthanasia
16P
.
Which of the following acts is typically considered the easiest to
morally justify:
Involuntary active euthanasia
b. Involuntary passive euthanasia
c. Voluntary passive euthanasia
d. Voluntary active euthanasia
17P. Velleman’s position on a right to die is that:
a. there should
not
be such a legal/institutional right
b. there should be such a legal /institutional right
c. there should be such a legal/institutional right only for the terminally ill
d. there should be such a legal/institutional right only for the permanently
unconscious
18P. Velleman is worried that if one’s dignity is tied to one’s
independence then:
a. Ill people will wrongly end their lives because they think it is undignified
to depend upon others
b. doctors will break the law and help their infirmed patients die
c. people will not morally distinguish killing from letting die
d. Kant will have too much influence upon our attitudes about dignity and
dying
19P.
Velleman’s recommendation is to keep euthanasia and physician-
assisted suicide illegal but to have doctors occasionally hasten death
without being prosecuted for doing so.
20P
Velleman’s concern is that when patients refuse to exercise a right to
die they may be seen a rational and thus unfit partners for conversation and
friendship
21P.
Velleman believes that giving patients more choices will always
increase their autonomy.
22P
. Velleman claims his stance against a legal right to die is not
paternalistic because he believes patients are harmed by the extra choice,
not that they will then make the wrong decision
Sandel
23P.
Sandel believes that if parents genetically enhance children
then that would reveal they have put too much stress on what
William May calls:
a. “accepting love” rather than “transforming love”
b. “transforming love” rather than “accepting love”
c. “artificial love” rather than “natural love”
3
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d. “autonomous love” rather than “relational love”
24P. Sandel believes that a major problem with enhancements is that
they:
a. will undermine our responsibility for our talents
b. will make us responsible for
not
having enhanced ourselves and our
children
c. will make us responsible for paying for the improvements of the poor
d. will make us responsible for the zombie apocalypse
25P
. Sandel is worried that if one’s abilities are seen as due to choice
rather than chance, then this will lessen the commitment of successful
people to help their less well-off fellow citizens
26P.
Enhancements
always cure or prevent diseases and injuries.
Treatments
improve people beyond the norm of health, making them
“Better than well”
27P.
Genetic enhancements raise the possibility that people will no longer
be able register an objection to a particular public policy on the grounds
that it isn’t compatible with human nature.
28P.
Sandel rejects the autonomy objection to genetic enhancements
because it cannot explain our hesitation about people who seek to
genetically enhance themselves
29P
Kamm
agrees with
Sandel that the focus should be more on the
enhancer’s character rather than the morality of her actions.
29P.
Sandel believes that genetic enhancements would be morally
acceptable
if no one is denied access to them by financial considerations
30P.
Sandel believes that enhancements undermine the solidarity between
the healthy and the sick, the rich and the poor
31P
.
Sandel
claims our dislike for self-enhancement shows the problem is
not that enhancement undermines our autonomy
32P.
Sandel argues that genetic enhancements would be morally acceptable
if no one is denied access to them by financial considerations.
33P.
Kamm argues that we may have to enhance people so they can better
treat the sick
1
st
Extra Credit Question: Elizabeth Anderson maintains that a right
to reproduce (procreate):
a. is violated by bans on commercial surrogacy
4
b. is overridden by the surrogate’s right to control her body
c. serves to protect interests in sustaining a family with integrity
d. fails to show surrogates the proper respect and consideration
2
nd
Extra Credit Question
This was a great class taught by a brilliant and
witty philosopher
5