Phil 102A Unit III Exam 2 (1)
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Philosophy
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Jan 9, 2024
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PHILOSOPHY 102A: KNOWLEDGE & REALITY UNIT 3 EXAM
There are a total of 50 questions on this exam. Each question is
worth 1 point. There is no partial credit for any question. You
will use a ScanTron sheet for this exam. Please be sure to put
your name on your ScanTron and fill in the selections fully with
pencil only.
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS EXAM
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1:
To overcome Kant's problem of knowing the noumenal
world, Schopenhauer holds that the "will" is the
thing in itself and our acts of will are the closest
and most distinct manifestation of the thing in
itself.
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2:
One of the philosophical theories on the free will
issue is called Soft Determinism, which says that
every event is the consequence of past events plus
the laws of nature, thus none of our actions are
free.
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3:
In human beings, "existence precedes essence"
according to Sartre, since we cannot explain human
nature in the same way we describe a manufactured
article.
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4:
Merleau-Ponty agrees with Descartes that our mental
concepts and processes have priority over the
sensory data that we get from our bodies.
5:
Sartre says that we are in the world of
__________________, meaning in a world where I must live,
choose, and decide, and no purpose I choose is ever wholly
foreign to other persons.
A:
objectivity
B:
subjectivity
C:
intersubjectivity
D:
interobjectivity
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6:
Sartre agrees with Freud's view that human behavior
is mechanically determined by unconscious and
irrational desires, which provides us with an excuse
to avoid responsibility.
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7:
When Schopenhauer uses the phrase "world as idea" he
means that the world presents itself to us as an
object for a subject, and we as subjects know only
the world we perceive.
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8:
For Schopenhauer the term "world" has a narrow
meaning and does not include the whole universe.
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9:
Ponty denies that I can separate myself as a mental
subject from myself as a bodily object.
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10:
Ponty believes that since our perceptions are
relative to each person, we cannot share a similar
experience of the world.
11:
German Idealism holds that mind is ultimately the source
and content of knowledge, not physical objects or Kant's
thing-in-itself. Hegel expresses this as
_________________________________.
A:
everyone is rational, and rational things are real
B:
every reality is real, and real things are reality
C:
some reality is rational, and the rational is real
D:
every reality is rational, and the rational is real
12:
Ponty argues that our bodily presence in the world means
that as a subject each of us is situated in the world at a
certain _________ and with a __________________.
A:
time, common viewpoint
B:
time, global perspective
C:
place, physical location
D:
time, unique perspective
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13:
Pragmatism as a philosophy holds that we can have a
conception of the whole of reality and we must
settle on a fixed approach to knowledge.
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14:
For Schopenhauer, the "will" belongs solely to
rational beings and is not to be found in everything
that is.
15:
For Sartre, when I choose in the process of making myself,
I choose _____________________________________.
A:
only for myself
B:
not only for myself but for all people
C:
not only for myself but for those closest to me
D:
None of the Above
16:
Which of the following would Hegel not
agree with:
A:
That reality is to be found in the Absolute Idea.
B:
That there is a distinction between appearance and
reality.
C:
That the Absolute is not the unity of separate things.
D:
That Nature represents the Idea "outside itself."
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17:
Dewey felt that the spirit of education should be
________________, because our minds are fundamentally
problem-solving instruments.
A:
experiencial
B:
experimental
C:
exterminable
D:
extendable
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18:
To say that existence precedes essence means, for
Sartre, that we exist, confront ourselves, emerge in
the world, and define ourselves by what we do.
19:
In Hegel's dialectic movement of the mind, the concept of
_________________ is formed by the mind when it
understands that Being is the same as Nothing.
A:
subjective spirit
B:
objective spirit
C:
Becoming
D:
Nature
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20:
From the four forms of the Principle of Sufficient
Reason Schopenhauer concludes that freedom rather
than determinism is present everywhere.
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21:
Hegel believes that we do experience a world of
things external to us, but he says that all objects
of knowledge are the products of our mind.
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22:
Part of being-in-the-world is where we see things as
part of a project, fulfilling their purposes within
a context of various purposes, which is the insight
Heidegger calls "circumspection".
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23:
Ponty argues that "things" are not all we encounter
through perception; we also perceive values that
have the same status as other aspects of the world.
24:
In order to separate his conception of "human being" from
traditional philosophy, Heidegger uses the term
______________ to best describe human existence as
different from mere objects.
A:
Being
B:
Existence
C:
Dasein
D:
None of the Above
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25:
For Hegel, the unfolding of the Absolute Idea should
not
be understood as being in a dynamic process of
self-development toward self-perfection.
Page 3, v3
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26:
Sartre argues that there are different ways of existing.
There is _________________, which involves existing as a
conscious subject, which is what people do and rocks do
not.
A:
being-ahead-of-itself
B:
being-for-itself
C:
being-to-itself
D:
being-in-itself
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27:
In Heidegger, the concept of "anxiety" refers to
being anxious about particular elements of our lives.
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28:
Hegel agrees with Kant that the categories of mind
represented only the mental process of an individual
and not objective realities that exist independent
of the thinking individual.
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29:
For Sartre, to argue that we are victims of fate, of
mysterious forces within us, of some grand passion,
or heredity, is to be guilty of bad faith.
30:
Heidegger says that there are different ways individuals
project "their" world. As such, Dasein possesses a
threefold structure that makes this projection possible,
which is:
A:
Understanding, mood or approach, and discourse.
B:
Understanding, facticity, and anxiety.
C:
facticity, anxiety, and concern.
D:
Understanding, purpose, and discourse.
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31:
Sartre holds that human nature is not predetermined
and that we create ourselves, but not all
responsibility for our existence rests squarely on
each individual.
32:
Dewey says that thinking is not an act carried out in
isolation from practical problems. Instead thinking is an
active intelligence arising in problem situations, which
means for him that _______________________________.
A:
thinking is done without connecting with action
B:
thinking and doing are intimately related
C:
thinking and doing are unrelated
D:
None of the Above
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33:
Dewey said that to assume that thinking refers to
fixed things in nature - that for each idea there is
a corresponding something in reality is a "spectator
theory of knowledge".
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34:
Sartre uses the term ___________________ to mean that in
the dismissal of God there also disappears every
possibility of finding values in some kind of intelligible
heaven.
A:
abandonment
B:
bad faith
C:
anxiety
D:
guilt
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35:
For Dewey, thinking is a quest for truth rather than
trying to achieve an adjustment between individuals
and their environment.
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36:
For Heidegger, one of the three components of
"concern" is not
"fallenness".
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37:
Dewey named his theory of thinking and knowledge as
"instrumentalism".
38:
Heidegger says that each moment of my life is bound up
with the fact that I will die. As such, ____________
becomes an element of concern for me.
A:
life
B:
authenticity
C:
facticity
D:
time
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39:
Hegel's dialectic process by which he says we deduce
the nature of the Absolute Idea is a movement from
thesis to antithesis and finally to synthesis.
40:
Sartre argues that there are different ways of existing.
There is _________________, which is the way that a stone
is: It merely exists.
A:
being-ahead-of-itself
B:
being-for-itself
C:
being-to-itself
D:
being-in-itself
41:
Hegel holds that the world is an organic process, that all
things are related to other things, and what is truly real
is the product of the ____________________.
A:
Mind
B:
Absolute Mind
C:
Contigent Mind
D:
Obsolete Mind
Page 5, v3
42:
For Ponty, the ____________________ of our bodies
constructs and shapes sensory data; our higher mental
functions do not.
A:
perceptual nature
B:
conceptual nature
C:
physical nature
D:
None of the Above
43:
Schopenhauer thought he had found an exception to Kant's
idea that we can never know things as they are in
themselves, which is:
A:
Our experience or knowledge of the physical world.
B:
Our experience or knowledge of our own willing.
C:
Our experience or knowledge of abstract concepts.
D:
Our experience or knowledge of our own perception.
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44:
Dewey believes that since we are creatures of habit,
education provides the conditions for developing the
most useful and creative habits.
45:
For Dewey, both the rationalists and empiricists viewed
the human mind as an instrument for considering what is
fixed and certain in nature. He thought that this view of
knowledge is both ________________________________.
A:
too old fashion and too basic
B:
too strict and too restricting
C:
too rational and too empirical
D:
too static and too mechanical
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46:
When we drift into inauthentic existence, Heidegger
says we suppress any urge to be unique and excel,
and thereby bring ourself down to the level of an
average person.
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47:
The view on the free will issue that says that some
events are not the consequence of past events plus
the laws of nature is known as Causal Indeterminism.
48:
Dewey argues that even if an impulse to act always
reflects itself in the same way, this is not a mechanical
necessity but only ___________________________.
A:
a natural necessity
B:
a product of genetics
C:
a product of nature
D:
a product of habit
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49:
For Heidegger, to say that someone is "in love" does
not refer to a spatial location but rather to a type
of being.
Page 6, v3
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50:
The four basic forms of the Principle of Sufficient Reason
Schopenhauer describes are:
A:
Non-physical objects, Physical objects, Mathematical
objects, the Other
B:
Physical objects, Rational concepts, Mathematical
objects, the Self
C:
Physical objects, Abstract objects, Mathematical
objects, the Self
D:
Physical object, Abstract concepts, Mathematical
objects, the Self
Page 7, v3