Unit 6 Grounding

1st PTEA on ALL Videos Problem/Purpose/Premise (research questions) - State the primary problems or purpose that the author(s) are aiming to address. What is the main premise/research questions of the reading/chapter/video, etc.? Across these videos, the central aim is to confront the systemic challenges prevailing in education, particularly regarding equitable access and support for students, especially English Language Learners (ELLs). The focus is on highlighting the disparities and advocating for fair opportunities in education, emphasizing that all students, irrespective of background, should have equal access to quality learning experiences and resources. The videos underscore the need to address these discrepancies and push for systemic changes within the educational framework to ensure that every student has a fair chance at success. Theories- Synthesize the main theories/theoretical frameworks used in the reading. If the reading presents a particular philosophy or ideology, synthesize how they are using their theory(ies). If the reading is using a particular framework, describe how it is being used in relation to their research questions, problem/purpose/premise? The recurring theme in these discussions revolves around the principles of equity in education. The authors stress the importance of integrating language learning and subject content within the curriculum, rather than treating language development as a separate entity. They advocate for fair and comprehensive assessment practices that accurately gauge both language proficiency and content knowledge. The idea of equitable education is woven throughout, emphasizing that every student, regardless of their linguistic or socioeconomic background, deserves access to quality education and support. Evidence/Examples- Summarize the methods of data collection and analysis that led to the evidence used by the author/scholar to answer their research question/test or prove the premise/theories presented in their work. (This should include quotes from the text with page numbers using a citation format of your choosing, e.g., APA.) What is the evidence presented to prove the author’s theory(ies) or claims? The videos draw on various sources to substantiate their claims. Legal cases such as Lau vs. Nichols and Castañeda vs. Pickard are referenced, highlighting the need for educational programs that cater to ELLs, ensuring they have adequate access to both language support and content. Kenji Hakuta's insights provide evidence of the challenges ELLs face in terms of inappropriate materials, assessments, and systemic gaps that hinder their educational progress.

Analysis/Application/Action- Show the significance of the reading and how it connects to: -your own philosophical beliefs about research, education, and society -related and divergent theories and perspectives from the course or other readings you have done -your personal experience -actions that can be taken to solve problems for vulnerable peoples These discussions align with the belief in fair and accessible education, reflecting the need for systemic changes to ensure equity in learning. The content resonates with other educational theories emphasizing fairness and inclusion in education. If you have experience working in education or with diverse student populations, these discussions reinforce the urgency of addressing systemic inequalities. Practical steps include advocating for fair funding, comprehensive teacher training, integrating language support within curricula, and employing unbiased assessments for ELLs. Ultimately, these insights underscore the necessity for a systemic overhaul in education, focusing on equity, language integration, and fair assessment practices to ensure the success of all students. Shepard, L. A., & Smith, M. L. (1989). Flunking Grades: Research and Policies on Retention. Education Policy Perspectives Problem/Purpose/Premise (research questions) - State the primary problems or purpose that the author(s) are aiming to address. What is the main premise/research questions of the reading/chapter/video, etc.? The primary focus of this reading is to delve into the prevalent issues surrounding grade retention, popularly termed "flunking" by students. The central premise revolves around the conflict between social promotion and retention policies within the educational system. The underlying purpose is to examine the consequences of social promotion practices and the implications of enforcing minimum competency testing and stricter grade promotion standards in the 1980s. Theories- Synthesize the main theories/theoretical frameworks used in the reading. If the reading presents a particular philosophy or ideology, synthesize how they are using their theory(ies). If the reading is using a particular framework, describe how it is being used in relation to their research questions, problem/purpose/premise? The reading aligns with the historical evolution of graded education systems and explores the conflicting ideologies of social promotion versus merit-based progression. It encompasses the idea of grade-level retention as a means of addressing the perceived deficiencies in educational standards and the varying abilities among students. The philosophy encompasses the historical context of educational practices,

Theories- Synthesize the main theories/theoretical frameworks used in the reading. If the reading presents a particular philosophy or ideology, synthesize how they are using their theory(ies). If the reading is using a particular framework, describe how it is being used in relation to their research questions, problem/purpose/premise? The article draws on various theoretical frameworks and concepts. One central concept is the "Third Space," which is presented as a transformative learning environment that challenges traditional notions of academic literacy and instruction. The article also discusses sociocritical literacy, which is about historical contextualization and reframing of literacy practices as tools for critical social thought. The authors argue for the importance of these concepts in the education of youth from nondominant communities. Evidence/Examples- Summarize the methods of data collection and analysis that led to the evidence used by the author/scholar to answer their research question/test or prove the premise/theories presented in their work. (This should include quotes from the text with page numbers using a citation format of your choosing, e.g., APA.) What is the evidence presented to prove the author’s theory(ies) or claims? The article presents a theoretical framework advocating a paradigm shift in education that prioritizes equity, social justice, and the redefinition of traditional literacy practices. This framework challenges conventional perspectives on academic literacy and instructional methods. Furthermore, the article features an empirical case study centered around the Migrant Student Leadership Institute (MSLI) at UCLA, showcasing how this program establishes a transformative learning environment for migrant students. It underlines the program's role in reshaping students' identities and expanding their academic and personal horizons. The concept of sociocritical literacy is a central theme, emphasizing its value in reframing literacy practices to encourage critical social thinking and the examination of contradictions within texts and institutions. Analysis/Application/Action- Show the significance of the reading and how it connects to: -your own philosophical beliefs about research, education, and society -related and divergent theories and perspectives from the course or other readings you have done -your personal experience -actions that can be taken to solve problems for vulnerable peoples The article highlights the vulnerability of migrant farmworker children and the significance of addressing their unique developmental challenges. It suggests the need for educational policies and programs that consider these challenges and work toward creating more equitable learning environments. In summary, the reading provides a theoretical foundation and practical example of how a paradigm shift in education can benefit youth from vulnerable communities. It emphasizes the importance of creating spaces that promote equity, social justice, and critical literacy in the learning process.