ENV 105 CHATER 6 Quiz
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School
Washtenaw Community College *
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Course
105
Subject
Philosophy
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
Pages
3
Uploaded by CoachKouprey7625
According to Mary Douglas, cultures in which individuals are relatively independent and isolated may view the world as
Robust
A culture that espouses the precautionary principle is likely to
prefer to avoid certain activities until it is clear that they are safe
Deep ecology has a(n) _______ point of view
Ecocentric
Disagreements among environmental ethicists may be reconciled through appeals to _______
pragmatism
The Endangered Species Act can be enforced on...
Public and private land
Gilbert F. White would suggest which of the following methods to control flooding on the Mississippi River?
White would recommend a combination of all of the choices given in this question, since there is no way to eliminate risk by
implementing just one of the options given.
_______ is the philosophical view that humans are separate from and superior to nature.
The dominion thesis
One might think most car crashes are the result of poor drivers. Because you know you are an excellent driver, how would
this influence your perception of risk in choosing to drive a car?
Underestimate risk
The philosopher John Locke proposed what?
People can appropriate nature through their labor
The philosophy of right and wrong is known as
ethics
Preservationism and conservationism are NOT...
the same thing
Recognition of the interconnectedness of all living beings and an expanded conception of the "self" is best characterized by
which school of thought?
Deep Ecology
The responsibility to care for and protect the environment is known as
stewardship
Risk assessments are conducted for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT:
To find the source of the problem.
T or F: Cultural theory argues that perception of risk is based on how we interact with others, rather than universal human
traits or individual biases
True
T or F: Natural hazards are those in which there is no human presence or impact
False
Tor F: The more we advance technologically, the more uncertain risks become
True
True or False: John Muir argued for the preservation of the Hetch Hetchy Valley wilderness
True
True or False: Western ethics tends to be anthropocentric
True
Under cultural theory, which group would view nature as being resilient?
Individualists
What does NOT describe beliefs about nature in Western Philosophy?
Humans should leave nature alone as much as possible
What isn't a source of uncertainty?
Systems basically function the same everywhere
What isn't true about the land ethic?
Suggests that humans should not exploit nature and that it should be left alone
What issue relates to the political economy of hazards: In Oregon, Ohio, the oil refinery emits air pollution without regard for
adjacent poor communities
Control of decisions
Which field of thought would say that until humans are treated equally, environmental ethics are irrelevant?
Social ecology
Which is a critique of environmental ethics?
Pragmatism
Which of the following factors does NOT influence risk perception?
not taking consequences into consideration
You are in Michigan. News reports on climate change focus on sea level rise on the coasts and flooding in California. How
would this influence your perception of the risk from climate change?
An asteroid is headed toward Earth. The government chooses not too let the public know because people will panic and
makes things worse.
Control of Information
Cultural theory argues that perception of risk is based on how we interact with others, rather than universal human traits or
individual biases.
True
The dangers of unprotected sex are well publicized on packages of contraceptives.
None of the other choices
The degree to which the outcomes of a situation is unknown is called
uncertainty
Douglas and other cultural theorists suggest that our sense of hazards, risk, and uncertainty is
learned through socialization and culture.
Environmental justice movements attempt to correct systemic inequalities that
all of the choices given are correct/true.
Gilbert F. White argued that engineering technologies such as levees were the solution to flooding problems.
False
Gilbert F. White would suggest which of the following methods to control flooding on the Mississippi River?
White would recommend a combination of all of the choices given in this question, since there is no way to eliminate risk by
implementing just one of the options given.
In a local casino, the poker dealer can choose whether to be exposed to cigarette smoke and keep his or her job, or not take
the job.
Constraints on decisions
In cultural theory, egalitarians are likely to use _______ as a risk approach.
the precautionary principle
In cultural theory, fatalists are likely to use _______ as a risk approach.
adaptation to changes
In Oregon, Ohio, the oil refinery is located adjacent to poorer communities that have little voice in the quality of emissions
coming from the plant. Control of decisions
The _____ is the danger. ______ is the probability that the danger will occur, and ______ is the degree to which we do not
know whether that danger will occur.
hazard, risk, uncertainty
The more we advance technologically, the more uncertain risks become.
True
Natural hazards are those in which there is no human presence or impact.
False
One might think most car crashes are the result of poor drivers. Because you know you are an excellent driver, how would
this influence your perception of risk in choosing to drive a car?
Underestimate Risk
People that smoke only get cancer or other diseases when they are much older it seems. How would this thinking affect your
perception of risk for choosing to smoke?
Underestimate Risk
Risk assessments are conducted for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT:
To find the source of the problem.
Risk is defined as
the estimated likelihood that a decision or action will have a negative consequence.
Since you can see the STDs on your sexual partner, how might this influence your perception of risk of catching a STD?
Underestimate Risk
Which group under Culture theory, would be the opposite of fatalists?
Individualists
Which group under Culture theory, would view nature as being fragile?
Egalitarians
Which group under Culture theory, would view nature as being resilient?
Individualists
Which if the following is NOT a source of uncertainty?
Systems basically function the same everywhere.
Which of the following factors does NOT influence risk perception?
Not taking consequences into consideration
Which of the following risk perception biases is likely to lead to an underestimation of risk?
voluntary
Which of the following statements is NOT true of Culture theory?
People always fit into only one of the four categories based on their personal views.
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding humans and hazards?
Hazards only exist where humans do not have some vested interest--like settlement.
You know of several, well publicized air plane crashes where no one walked away alive. How does this influence your
perception of risk for airplane travel?
Overestimate Risk
You learn that asbestos has been found at your workplace. You need this job and can't quit right now. How would your
knowledge of this influence your perception of the risk for going to work?
Overestimate Risk
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