Week 9 Response 1
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Apr 3, 2024
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Week 9 Response 1
The Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a defense response of the body towards certain stressors such as acute inflammation, trauma, reperfusion, ischemia, malignancy, and surgery among others (Chakraborty, 2023). There are various criteria that satisfy the presence of SIRS. The first criterion is a body temperature of either below 36 degrees Celsius or above 38 degrees Celsius. Secondly, a higher than 20breaths/minute of respiratory rate or a less than 32 mmHg of CO
2
partial pressure. Thirdly, having a greater than 90beats/minute of heart rate. Finally, having a leukocyte count of either greater than 12000/microliters or less than 4000/ microliters (Thompson et al., 2019). Whenever two of these criteria occur together, it is an indication of a possible SIRS. There are various diagnoses done to identify the presence of Sepsis. These include testing of a person’s temperature, breathing rate and heart rate, and testing of blood, to determine whether the above criteria are met. Furthermore, other tests essential for determining the areas affected include the use of imaging studies such as X-Rays and CT scan, wound culture test, blood pressure tests, urine or stool samples test and testing of respiratory secretions such as the saliva. The first line treatment of Sepsis is the use of antibiotics. The medications are administered intravenously where the medication should immediately begin after
an hour of diagnosis (Thompson et al., 2019). However, after 2-4days of taking the medication intravenously, tablets antibiotics should replace the intravenous antibiotics. References
Chakraborty, R. K. (2023, February 15).
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
. StatPearls -
NCBI Bookshelf. Retrieved April 26, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547669/#:~:text=Objectively%2C
%20SIRS%20is%20defined%20by,CO2%20less%20than%2032%20mmHg
Thompson, K., Venkatesh, B., & Finfer, S. (2019). Sepsis and septic shock: current approaches to
management.
Internal Medicine Journal
,
49
(2), 160-
170.
https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.14199
Response 2
An operation that is usually done either permanently of temporarily at the end of the colon with an aim of diverting one end of the colon through an opening on the tummy is referred to as a colostomy (Park et al., 2018). The opening formed in the tummy is usually referred to as a
stoma. It is through the stoma that a pouch-like bag can be placed for stool collection. To begin with colostomy reversals are appropriate when an individual’s colostomy is temporary. The reversals of a colostomy require another operation for them to be successfully reversed. However, they are only done when a person has fully recovered and is in a good health. A reversal usually takes a minimum of 3months after the initial colostomy operation. Colostomy reversals are also appropriate when a person has enough rectum left intact, when a person has a good control of the anal sphincter muscles and when one does not have any existing health complications in their rectum or bowel (Park et al., 2018). After colostomy reversals have been done in an individual’s body, there are common problems that occur to the bowel. These include incontinence, loose stool, pain and sudden bowel urges. There are other issues that include belly blockage and infection, and development of a scar tissue in the bowel (NHS, 2023). References
NHS. (2023, April 24).
Reversal
. nhs.uk. Retrieved April 29, 2023, from
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/colostomy/reversal/#:~:text=Reversing%20a
%20loop%20colostomy%20is,remaining%20section%20of%20your%20colon
.
Park, W., Park, W. C., Kim, K. Y., & Lee, S. Y. (2018). Efficacy and safety of laparoscopic Hartmann colostomy reversal.
Annals of Coloproctology
,
34
(6), 306.
doi:
10.3393/ac.2018.09.07
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