Sports Medicine Final Examinationreview
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Apr 3, 2024
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Sports Medicine Final Study Guide
Unit 1 – Professional & Administrative Aspects of Athletic Training
What year did the American Medical Association (AMA) recognize athletic training as an allied health care field? 1991
Who is part of the primary or central sports medicine team? team physician, athletic trainer, coaching staff, and other related health care practitioners
What professional organization started in 1950 maintains the professional standards of athletic training? NATA
Please know the legal vocabulary words in CH2?
Who is the ultimate decision maker in the sports medicine team
? the physician What are the components of physical fitness
? cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility and body composition
What is the definition of Sports Medicine? injuries illnesses and disease related to sports and exercise
Unit 2 – Human Anatomy & Physiology
What is the main supporting bone in the lower leg? tibia
What type of joint is the knee/elbow and shoulder/hip? ball and socket How many vertebrae are there in the human body? 33 What are the different regions of the spinal cord? cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral regions In the anatomical position, which bone in the forearm is located on the thumb side? radius How many sets of ribs are there in the human body? 12
What is the difference between the appendicular/axial the skeleton? axail skeleton= skull, vertebral column, The Thoracic Cage appendicular= Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, Phalanges What is the epiphysis of bone? ) is the rounded end of a long bone, helps with growth A forcible separation or tearing of the tissue from the body in which bleeding occurs immediately is known as? Avulsion
Rubbing of the skin that causing friction resulting in a “hot spot” at first is called?
What are the 3 stages of soft tissue healing process? Acute inflammatory
, increased flow of blood to area brings cells and chemicals to begin healing process. Fibroblasts form a scar, which
takes as long as 3 wks To 6 months. Remodeling
: Takes up to one year to accomplish. Building strength and stress muscles to pre-injury level
What is the function of the skin? Provides a protective barrier against mechanical, thermal and physical injury and hazardous substances.
Please describe a laceration
- a wound that is produced by the tearing of soft body tissue
What are the different categories of sprains and strains? Mild, Moderate, and Severe What is difference of a sprain and strain
? Sprains are in joints and Strains are in muscles.
What is a greenstick fracture? occurs when a bone bends and cracks, instead of breaking completely into separate pieces
When a joint is dislocated the athletic trainer should always also expect what type of injury?
Unit 3 – Athletics Related Injuries to the Axial Region
What are the category of concussion(s
)? Grade 1, Mild: Symptoms that last less than 15 minutes and entail no loss of consciousness. Grade 2, Moderate: Symptoms that last for longer than 15 minutes and involve no loss of consciousness. Grade 3, Severe: The person loses consciousness.
What is a temporary impairment of brain function caused by impact to the head or by a rotational force? concussion The correct terminology for a nose bleed is? epistaxis
What is 2
nd
impact syndrome? condition in which individual experiences a second head injury before complete recovery from an initial head injury
What type of injury of paralysis of one of the extremities, a battle sign, and loss of consciousness?
How do get cauliflower ear? by hard hits and/or pressure to ear resulting in a hematoma What is the medical term for swimmers ear? Otitis Externa
What is the difference between a tension/spontaneous pneumothorax?
Spontaneous Pneumothorx
-lung Tissue imperfections cause lung to collapse
–Sx same as any pneumothorax
-refer to ER
Tension Pneumothorax
-Air causes collapsed lung to compress heart
–Trachea deviates to side
–Can result in death
Unwanted air found in the lung cavity due to a direct blow is what type of injury? Pneumothorax
How many quadrants are located in the abdominal cavity? 4, - upper Left
–Upper Right
–Lower Left
–Lower Right
A person experiencing abdominal pain will have what signs? What is a lump of tissue in the intestine that bulges through a weakness in the abdominal wall?
hernia What is Kehr’s sign
? Ruptured Spleen
What are the solid or hollow organs?
solid- Liver, Kidneys, Spleen
hallow- Bladder, Stomach, Intestines, Appendix
Which of the following carry blood away from the heart and to the tissues of the body? Unit 4 – Athletics Related Injuries to the Upper Extremity
What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles? S – Supraspinatus • I – Infraspinatus • T – Teres Minor • S – Subscapularis What ligament is injured in the event of a shoulder separation
? A-C Sprain
A "popeye" sign indicates what type of injury? Biceps Tendon Rupture
How does a shoulder subluxation occur? when the head of the humerus came out of the socket and went back in
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What is the most common broken bone on the shoulder girdle which heals very well is called? collarbone How does elbow hyperextension happen? suddenly forced back during an activity like gymnastics, football, or martial arts. Which of the following ligaments takes on the most stress during throwing? UCL
What injury to the olecranon results from a direct blow and presents with significant inflammation and swelling? A boxer’s fracture results in pain to which area of the hand? 4th and 5th metacarpal This specific injury is
caused by narrowing of tunnel from gripping, typing, or any other repetitive movements? Carpal Tunnel Syndrome This injury is caused by falling on the outstretched hand and very point tender over the bone is in the anatomical snuff box? Scaphoid Fx
What is the piece of cartilage located between the ulna and the carpal bones, cushions the area
? Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Subungual hematoma is the accumulation of blood underneath where? the fingernail What specific injury is caused by overuse of the muscles that abduct and extend the thumb or 1
st
metacarpal?
Unit 5 – Athletics Related Injuries to the Lower Extremity
Which muscle groups is considered to be the hip flexors?
A – Rectus Femoris B – Sartorius C – Iliopsoas What is a contusion to the iliac crest called? Hip Pointer Which structure keeps the tibia from moving forward on the femur? PCL What structures have the role of stabilizing and cushioning the knee joint? Medial Meniscus, Lateral Meniscus In the event of a dislocation, which way does the patella usually move? glides up and down in front of the femur What is arthroscopic surgery? surgery through tiny holes/projected on screen
What age group is Osgood-Schlatter disease found in? 12-14
Describe the mechanism of injury for a torn ACL
? Typically due to athlete attempting to change direction quickly and twist the lower leg
What are the 4 bones that make up the ankle joint? Talus, Calcaneus, Tibia, & Fibula Why are there more lateral ankle sprains than medial? Deltoid ligament is much stronger than the lateral ligaments A sprain due to hyperextension of the 1
st
metatarsal (great toe) is also known as? Turf Toe
What structure connects the gastrocnemius to the calcaneus
? Achilles Tendon
What is another name for an avulsion fracture to the base of the 5
th
metatarsal?
Jones Fracture
ATF is an abbreviation for the damage to what structure? Anterior Talofibular What are the signs/symptoms of a stress fracture? Pain that becomes more intense at night and following activity, Pain that remains constant, Pain & swelling localized over the bone
What type of fracture is usually seen in an X-ray, but detected with a bone scan? Stress Fractures
Where does a high ankle sprain occur? area where the distal tibia and fibula come together How many figure 8’s are required for an ankle taping? 2 What are the 4 movements of the ankle? plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion.
What is medial tibial stress syndrome? A.K.A. Shin Splints - Muscle fibers become torn and irritated What muscles perform plantarflexion/dorsiflexion? Gastrocnemius & Soleus Unit 6 – Rehabilitation & Reconditioning of Athletics Related Injuries
What do the letters RICE refer to? rest, ice, compression, and elevation
What is the definition of circuit training? 8-20 multiple stations that often target a full-body workout in all muscle groups
The most important aspect of any rehabilitation program should contain which component(s)? Exercise
Which phase of treatment for athletic injuries? Control the initial response to injury
Which phase makes sure the brain in responds to stimulus within the body, which is the ability to sense position of the limbs? Proprioception
Know sports specific correct technique for the upper and lower extremity?
What things does “cryotherapy” accomplish in the human body?
Constrict blood vessels
• Reduces inflammation
• Reduces cell metabolism
• Reduces pain
Weights, dumbbells, tubing, and bands are all equipment used in what type of training?How long should ICE be used on a specific injury to be most effective? 20 min
What are the types of ROM movement that athletes would be performing?
Unit 7 – Providing Emergency Care
How long should an individual check for signs of life?
No longer than 10 seconds The correct place to put AED pads for an adult should be
? place pads on upper right chest and lower left chest (rib cage).
Each minute that defibrillation is delayed reduces the chance of survival of a cardiac arrest by? 10%
About how many cycles of CPR should you perform on an adult in 2 minutes? 5 cycles
The compression to breaths ratio for adults is? 30 Compressions & 2 Breaths 30:2
The 3 emergency care steps set up by the American Heart Association are?
What do the letters AED stand for?
Automated • External • Defibrillator What is the best way to check if a person is unconscious
? tap and shout According to American Heart Association, for the purpose of CPR, an adult is over the age? 8 During ADULT CPR, the rate of compressions should be at least? 100 chest compressions per minute What should you do before the AED analyzes the hearts’ rhythm? stand clear
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What is difference between cardiac arrest/heart attack?
Heart Attack is a circulation problem due to a blocked artery
Cardiac Arrest is an electrical problem, heart stops beating normally