Chapter 6 test review (1)

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Dental & Medical Emergencies Chapter 6 test review CHAPTER 6 • An allergic reaction is NOT based on dose. Either you are allergic or you are not. • Nausea is a side effect; not an allergic reaction • Products with latex= stethoscope, gloves, mask, polishing cups, dams, rubber on LA cart. • 6.2% of dental professionals = are allergic to latex.  Know what to do in an emergency  What is the most common allergic reaction? o Hives  Know they types of hypersensitivity reactions and examples of each o Type I - Immediate. / Caused by immunoglobulin E (IgE). /  Mild : skin rash, erythema, hives, raised area, urticaria (itching)  Severe (anaphylactic shock ): brochiolar constriction (narrow airway), asphyxiation, dyspnea, reduction Of blood pressure (shock), cardiovascular shock  Penicillin, ester class LAs, tetracaine injectable, aspirin, any latex products o Type II = Cytotoxic. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies.  Lyses red blood cells = hemolytic anemia o Type III = arthus reactions IgG / Serum sickness  Penicillin o Type IV = delayed (several days) / allergic dermatitis (latex allergies)  Know differences between Ester and Amide anesthetics, and examples of each o Ester = allergies from injectable/ no longer on market; some topicals like benzocaine o Amide = topical like lidocaine  What drug causes the most allergies? What is a good substitute? o Penicillin ( mild skin reaction to anaphylaxis) o Substitute= erythromycin or clindamycin o *antibiotics can cause nausea  Most common meds to cause allergic reactions in dentistry are: o Aspirin (more likely with asthma), Esther anesthetics, latex, penicillin

Definitions to know • Acute Allergic Reaction – immediate response or symptoms appearing within a few hours. • Allergen – substance that produce hypersensitive response in the body. • Anaphylactic shock – severe, sometimes fatal allergic reaction. Respiratory distress and hypotension, leading to cardiovascular collapse. • Dyspnea – labored or difficult breathing. • Innocuous – harmless • Erythematous – red appearance, caused by dilation of superficial blood vessels. • Urticaria – skin reaction – itching, hives, well defined red margins. • Vesicles – small fluid-filled blisters Key Terms Acute allergic reaction: an immediate response or symptoms appearing within a few hour Allergen: a substance that can produce a hypersensitive response in the body Anaphylactic shock: a severe, and sometimes fatal, allergic reaction characterized by respiratory distress and hypotension, leading to cardiovascular collapse Anaphylactoid reaction: idiosyncratic reactions that occur on the initial exposure to a particular drug or agent rather than after sensitization Atopy: having a genetic predisposition to develop an allergy to a substance; usually allergy to several substances is present Complement: an enzymatic serum protein that causes lysis of a cell Dyspnea: labored or difficult breathing Erythematous: having a red appearance, caused by dilation of superficial blood vessels Hypersensitivity: an abnormal condition characterized by an excessive reaction to a particular stimulus, such as allergy Hypersensitivity reaction: an inappropriate and excessive response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen; an antigen–antibody reaction; an allergic reaction Innocuous: harmless Sensitization: an acquired reaction in which specific antibodies develop in response to an antigen Stomatitis: ulcerations within the mouth Urticaria: skin reactions characterized by itching, elevation of tissues (hives) with well-defined erythematous margins

Self-Study Review 1.An allergic substance acts as a(an): a.antibody. b.antigen. c.complement. d.toxic reaction. 2.The most common allergic reaction is a.hypotension. b.vesicles. c.hives. d.stomatitis. 3.Anaphylactoid reactions: a.are classic antigen–antibody reactions. b.affect the lips, tongue, and larynx. c.cause an allergic response with initial exposure. d.are not life-threatening. 4.From the following list, identify those that can cause an anaphylactic reaction in dentistry: a.Aspirin b.Latex gloves c.Saliva ejector d.Benzocaine topical e.Penicillin f.Polishing cups g.Curet h.X-ray film

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5.Anaphylactic shock represents which type of hypersensitivity reaction? a.Type I b.Type II c.Type III d.Type IV 6.Allergic dermatitis is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction? a.Type I b.Type II c.Type III d.Type IV 7.Serum sickness is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction? a.Type I b.Type II c.Type III d.Type IV 8.From the following list, identify the two anesthetic agents most likely to cause an allergic reaction. a.Lidocaine b.Procaine c.Benzocaine d.Mepivacaine e.Propoxycaine f.Tetracaine g.Articaine

9.Clients reporting a history of asthma have an increased risk of allergy to: a.acetaminophen. b.aspirin. c.codeine. d.penicillin. 10.The most allergenic drug is: a.aspirin. b.codeine. c.sulfa. d.penicillin. 11.The drug least likely to be used in dentistry is a.Aspirin b.Codeine c.Sulfa d.Penicillin 12.Items in the dental armamentarium that contain latex include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? a.Rubber tubing b.Polishing cups c.Tie-on masks d.Stethoscope 13.Clients reporting a recent onset of hay fever with postnasal drip should be placed in which position for oral health care? a.Supine b.Semisupine c.Upright d.Prone

14.Allergic reactions are typically dose dependent. Practitioners should monitor amounts of LA administered to avoid an allergic reaction. a.Both statements are true. b.Both statements are false. c.The first statement is true, and the second statement is false. d.The first statement is false, and the second statement is true. Chapter 6: Review and Case Study Answers Self-Study Answers and Page Numbers 1.b page 64 2.c page 67 3.c page 65 4.a, b, d, e, f page 67 5.a page 65 6.d page 65 7.c page 65 8.c, f page 66 9.b page 67 10.d page 67 11.c page 68 12.c page 69 13.b page 71 14.b page 72

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Chapter 6 test review (1)

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