Chapter 1-3 test review
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Colorado Mesa University *
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108
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Medicine
Date
Apr 3, 2024
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docx
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Uploaded by ElderKudu4165
DEH 1011 Dental & Medical Emergencies
What is the best way to anticipate a potential medical emergency?
o
The taking and reviewing of an adequate medical history is the best strategy to follow for preventing medical emergencies in dental practice settings. / follow up with open-ended questions
Know all the parameters for ASA classifications, including blood pressure and treatment considerations.
ASA Class o
1 – healthy, no dental considerations
o
2 – mild disease; can treat, give consideration to certain procedures
o
3- mod to severe disease; limits activity; can treat give consideration to certain procedures
o
*hypertension 1 and 2 are class 3 o
4- sever with threat to life – delay treatment
o
5- needs surgery in 24hrs to life– delay treatment
o
6- dead – harvest the organs o
ASA ___-E = emergency Vital Signs
o
BP
- Normal 120/ 80
Pre 120-139 & 80-89
Stage I 140 or 90-99
Stage 2 140-159 or 100-109
Stage 3 180/ 110 = crisis o
HR
- 60- 80 ;
radial in clinic, carotid for emergency
BELOW 50 – bradycardia
ABOVE 120 - tachycardia Possible cardiac emergency
o
Respiration- 14- 20
o
Temperature – 96.8-99.5
What can cause tachycardia? – anxiety, exercise
Know the signs of ACTIVE TB = persistent cough >3 wks; produces blood
What does a positive Mantoux Skin test mean?
o
meaning only that the bacillus has stimulated the immune system to develop antibodies against the bacillus.
Know the levels of the Hierarchy of Controls
o
Eliminate, substitute, engineering controls, administrative controls; PPE * see homework for def/examples
What are the vitals that does not allow for any dental treatment?= too high bp, tachycardia, o
BP- 160/100
o
Pulse- 100 o
Breath over 28 is abnormal; over 60= med emergency o
Temp – depends on origin; if of dental origin = treat it
How is COVID transmitted?
o
Airborne droplets
What is the treatment if a patient faints? Know the signs of pre, syncope, and post syncope :
Management of Syncope
o
Place client in supine position with feet raised
o
Monitor vital signs, assure open airway, breathing, and circulation
o
Observe for recovery
o
Administer oxygen or ammonia stimulants for prolonged recovery
Pre-syncope:
o
Facial paleness, Perspiration, feelings of warmth, Nausea, Increased pulse rate
Syncope:
o
Yawning ,Dilated pupils, Feeling cold, Dizziness, Hypotension, Low pulse rate
Post-syncope
o
Facial pallor, Nausea , Weakness, Disorientation
Who is most likely to experience hyperventilation? = young adults/ teenagers
What is the treatment? -
too much oxygen, disrupting the CO2–O2 balance
in the blood. This CO2–O2 imbalance causes a transient respiratory alkalosis. o
Management of Hyperventilation
o
Raise chair back to upright position, reassure client
o
Guide client to try to slow the rate of breathing
o
Have client cup hands over mouth
o
Instruct client to rebreathe expired air
o
Monitor vital signs and record values in treatment record
o
Record description, duration, and description of management information of emergency
What are the stress-reducing techniques?
o
Vocal sedation, distraction, nitrous oxide, appts in AM
Discuss topics that occupy client’s mind
Ensure adequate pain control
Consider nitrous oxide conscious sedation
Prescribe an antianxiety drug
When is the best time to take a patient’s blood pressure?- Rested The CDC suggests that a client who has been treated for active TB is no longer contagious if three criteria are achieved. Medical treatment must render the client to:
1.Not be in the coughing stage.
2.Have three consecutive negative sputum smears taken on three separate days.
3.Have taken effective anti-TB drugs for at least 2 weeks (Box 2-1).5
4.Have a negative sputum culture.
RESCUER - In the event of a medical emergency, the person nearest the medical emergent patient will assign responders. This person will stay with the patient until help arrives.
RESPONDER #1 – Immediately bring clinic dentist, clinic coordinator, or suite instructor to the emergency.
RESPONDER #2 – Immediately retrieves the emergency kit and Oxygen tank and bring to the emergency.
RESPONDER #3 – Escort patients and clinicians as directed to waiting room if required. Keeps area clear.
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