Exam 4 Notes -Addiction
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Metropolitan State University Of Denver *
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3600
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Medicine
Date
Apr 3, 2024
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15
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Ch. 15
1.
According to the National Academies of Science, there is substantial evidence the
cannabis does which of the following?
a.
All of these
i.
decreases reports of muscle spasticity in MS patients
ii.
decreases chronic pain in adults
iii.
decreases nausea in chemotherapy patients According to the
National Academies of Science, there is substantial evidence that
cannabis does which of the following?
2.
According to the National Academies of Science, there is substantial evidence that
cannabis does which of the following?
a.
worsens respiratory issues
3.
There are FDA-approved pill forms of THC that are obtainable by prescription for
medical purposes.
a.
True
4.
Endocannabinoids are an example of _______, which go backwards across the
synapse to give feedback to the presynaptic cell.
a.
retrograde messengers
5.
According to the National Academies of Science, there is insufficient evidence to
support that long-term cannabis usage elevates risk of schizophrenia or other
psychosis.
a.
False
6.
Cesamet (nabilone) and Marinol (dronabinol) are ___________.
a.
All of these
i.
controlled substances
ii.
available by prescription
iii.
synthetic cannabinoids that are FDA-approved for medicinal
purposes
7.
The textbook states that cannabis is not really a drug by the FDA (Food and Drug
Administration). Why wouldn't the FDA consider it a drug?
a.
Cannabis is a plant with many chemicals in it; drugs are purified and can be
administered in known dosages.
8.
CBD (cannabidiol) is generally associated with _________.
a.
medicinal effects of cannabis
9.
Which of the following is expected if a woman smokes cannabis during pregnancy?
a.
low infant birth weight (baby born smaller)
10.
When eaten, cannabis is converted into a metabolite which is significantly LESS
potent than the original active ingredient of the substance.
a.
False
11.
A common problem associated with cannabis edibles is ______.
a.
people eating too much when they get impatient that the effects haven't
been felt yet
12.For nearly 100 years, cannabis oil was included in the Pharmacopeia of the United
States, in recognition of medical use.
a.
True
13.
Frequent cannabis use does not lead to tolerance or withdrawal.
a.
False
14.
"Reefer Madness" is ________.
a.
an anti-marijuana propaganda film from the 1930s
15.Which of the following is true about cannabis?
a.
There are >100 cannabinoids in the plant
16.Which of the following has been supported by a recent review by the National
Academy of Science as a medical benefit of marijuana use backed by substantial
evidence?
a.
pain relief
17.Cannabis indica strains are always high in CBD and low in THC.
a.
False
18.Synthetic cannabinoids tend to be less potent than THC.
a.
False
19.THC produces its effects in the brain by _______.
a.
binding CB receptors
20.Which of the following helped change Dr. Sanjay Gupta's views on medical
marijuana?
a.
All of these
i.
The placement of cannabis on its current schedule was based on a
lack of scientific evidence on marijuana
ii.
Lots of people die from opioid overdoses every day, but no one
seems to be dying from medical marijuana.
iii.
He believes there are real medical benefits of marijuana, such as
treating pain and seizures.
21.When an endocannabinoid molecule binds to CB receptors on the presynaptic
membrane, what effect does this have?
a.
The amount of neurotransmitter released is decreased.
22.Synthetic cannabinoids were originally made for research purposes.
a.
True
23.Which of the following would be reasons why people who use medical marijuana
might prefer it to FDA-approved synthetic THC pills?
a.
Both of these
i.
If the FDA-approved medications are not covered by a person's
insurance, they are much more expensive than medical marijuana.
ii.
It's easier to control the dosage with smoked marijuana than THC
pills.
24.THC [delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol] and CBD [cannabidiol] are examples of _______.
a.
phytocannabinoids
25.The Institute of Cannabis Research is located in which of the following locations?
a.
in the state of Colorado at CSU-Pueblo
26.According to survey data discussed in the text, <1% of people who try marijuana
will become dependent on it.
a.
False
27.Based on research, it appears that CBD may counteract some of the effects of THC.
a.
True
28.Currently, the concentration of THC in marijuana (buds & flowers of the cannabis
plant) seized by law enforcement would be expected to be at least _______.
a.
12%
29.The earliest use of the cannabis plant is believed to be for hemp fibers.
a.
True
30.CBD (cannabidiol) is generally associated with _________.
a.
medicinal effects of cannabis
31.Why did early colonists settling in North America grow cannabis?
a.
primarily for the hemp fibers that could be used to make cloth, paper, and
rope
32.11-hydroxy-THC is _________.
a.
a metabolite of THC that is at least as potent as THC itself
33.Where are CB2 receptors most commonly found?
a.
in the immune system
34.There is a high risk of a person dying from suppression of the respiratory center in
the medulla if they take high doses of cannabis.
a.
False
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Chapter 17
1.
Men and women face the exact same issues when seeking substance abuse
treatment.
a.
False
2.
Jellinek's 4-stage model of alcoholism is _______.
a.
based on a sample of inpatient male alcoholics from the mid-twentieth
century
3.
Prior to the introduction of the disease model, many people attributed addiction to
weak moral character.
a.
True
4.
According to NIDA, medically-assisted detox is usually sufficient to ensure
long-term abstinence.
a.
False
5.
Physically shaking inbetween bouts of drinking is characteristic of someone in the
_____ stage of alcoholism.
a.
Chronic
6.
Recognizing addiction as a _______ acknowledges the biological, psychological, and
social nature of the condition.
a.
disease
7.
In Jellinek's 4-stage model, drinking frequently as a coping device to reduce tension
is characteristic of which stage of alcoholism?
a.
Symptomatic
8.
Which of the following is NOT included in text s list of behavioral addictions?
a.
stamp collecting
9.
Enablers, victims, and provokers are _______.
a.
people who unintentionally contribute to a person's addiction
10.Eye openers are _______.
a.
characteristic of the crucial phase of Jellinek s model of alcoholism
11.According to NIAAA's data, which led to categorization of 5 subtypes of alcoholics,
the vast majority of alcoholics are middle-aged individuals who have been abusing
alcohol for decades and are extremely dysfunctional.
a.
False
12.According to Jellinek, a habitual symptomatic excessive drinker ______.
a.
doesn't lose control
13.In the Journey to Oblivion, recovery is framed as _______.
a.
a mutiny against a robot pilot in a transport capsule
14.According to data collected by the NIAAA [National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and
Alcoholism], most alcoholics are middle-aged adults who have been struggling with
alcoholism for decades.
a.
False
15.Which of the following is most consistent with the disease model of addiction?
a.
A person with a predisposition for addiction can circumvent becoming an
addict.
16.As described in the text, a person s _________ dwindle to near zero as they progress
through stages of addiction; however, these are reconstructed during recovery
from addiction.
a.
Values
17.Blackouts are _______.
a.
Both of these
i.
losses of memory for what happened during an episode of heavy
drinking
ii.
characteristic of Jellinek's 2nd stage of alcoholism
18.Mindy works in an office with Lee, and they are good friends. Mindy has a serious
drinking problem, and she is frequently late to work. When she does arrive, she's
often not very functional and struggles to get through the day. Sometimes she
sneaks drinks to help herself get by. Meanwhile, her work would be
suffering--except that Lee covers for her by putting together reports and
completing projects that the boss assigned to Mindy. Being a good friend, Lee
doesn't reveal to the boss that Mindy isn't doing her own work because he doesn't
want her to get in trouble or possibly lose her job. Which of the following best fits
Lee?
a.
Hes a victim
Chapter 18
1.
Meichenbaum's Stress Inoculation Model involves which of the following?
a.
mental preparation, skills development, and rehearsal
2.
Which of the following is a stress-resilience factor that helps protect a person from
developing PTSD?
a.
an internal locus of control
3.
Which of the following is NOT part of SCRAM ?
a.
Stages of addiction
4.
NIDA recommends assessing and treating addiction clients for communicable
diseases.
a.
True
5.
Why might gender-focused treatment be especially helpful for women?
a.
All of these
i.
It helps avoid negative gender stereotypes about women who use
substances.
ii.
Women often have shared issues related to their substance use,
such as parenting stressors and/or domestic violence
iii.
It may be easier for clients to be able to disclose personal issues
among other women.
6.
According to NIDA, medically-assisted detox is usually sufficient to ensure
long-term abstinence.
a.
False
7.
Men and women face the exact same issues when seeking substance abuse
treatment.
a.
False
8.
12 Step Programs ______.
a.
All of these
i.
began with Alcoholics Anonymous
ii.
are often incorporated into inpatient treatment programs
iii.
emphasize calling upon a higher power
9.
The convergent model for client assessment involves both self-report and
other-report information to try to determine the true degree of substance use by
the client.
a.
True
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10.
People who have PTSD co-occurring with a substance use disorder tend to have
poorer treatment outcomes.
a.
True
11.
Research shows that women tend to have better treatment outcomes when they
engage in _______.
a.
gender-focused treatment
12.
AA [Alcoholics Anonymous] would recommend which of the following?
a.
forming new relationships where no substance usage is tolerated
13.
If a treatment center designs their services around population-based treatments,
which of the following would make sense in terms of structuring their group
therapy sessions?
a.
Have different groups; treat teenagers with other teenagers, senior
citizens with other seniors, etc.
14.
The first of the stages of change is "precontemplation" which refers to ________.
a.
a person not yet admitting that they have a problem so they don't think
about seeking help.
15.
Age, culture, gender, and socioeconomic status are examples of factors that might
be considered in _______.
a.
population focused treatment
Chapter 19
1.
According to the cognitive-behavioral map for learning and change, if the person
makes an adaptive response to the situation, which of the following should occur?
a.
The outcome feeds back on the thoughts that led to choosing the adaptive
behavior, making it more likely the person will choose this action in the
future.
2.
RT, RET, and REBT are versions of psychotherapy created by ________.
a.
Albert ellis
3.
Currently, ________ is considered to be the foremost authority on cognitive therapy.
a.
Aaron Beck
4.
Negative thoughts about one's self, the world, and the future consitute what Beck
would call the ______.
a.
negative cognitive triad
5.
If a person draws a conclusion after looking at only part of the information
available, he/she is setting him/herself up for a cognitive error known as _________.
a.
selective abstraction
6.
Henrietta's boyfriend breaks off their relationship. Henrietta thinks, "I'm
unlovable" and begins feeling depressed. She then isolates herself from other
people. In this example, the "B" in the ABC is ________.
a.
the belief ("I'm unlovable")
7.
What are the two words that Albert Ellis would tell his clients that they need to
stop using because they cause the person to set high expectations for themselves,
potentially setting oneself up for negative self-evaluation?
a.
Must and should
8.
Which of the following approaches has been criticized for not being very helpful
with one's immediate problems?
a.
psychoanalysis
9.
In the video clip demonstrating cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques, a client
who is trying to stay off of cocaine _______.
a.
engages in role playing with a therapist to mimic what it would be like if he were
pressured to use cocaine
10.
The text recommends __________ for treating addiction.
a.
cognitive-behavioral therapy
11.
Which of the following explains how schemas differ from automatic thoughts?
a.
Schemas operate like rules for how people and situations operate.
12.
Which of the following explanations fits best with the psychoanalytic view
regarding alcoholism, as discussed in class and Powerpoint lecture slides?
a.
It is likely due to trauma during the oral stage of development
13.
Ellis developed his approach to therapy because ________.
a.
he was in many ways disenchanted with the approaches to therapy he had
learned in school, including the psychoanalytical approach
14.
The ______ approach has been criticized because it fails to consider what's going on
inside the mind (the black box ).
a.
Behavioral
15.
According to Aaron Beck, using the mind to understand and cure the mind is
central to ________.
a.
the cognitive-behavioral approach to psychology
16.
CBT specifically applied towards treating substance abuse would help the client
with which of the following? There may be more than one correct answer. Select all
that apply.
a.
identifying alternative activities instead of using
orrect!
b.
identifying stimuli that trigger cravings, such as people, locations, etc.
c.
dealing with cravings and resisting urges
d.
dealing with high-risk situations
17.
Which of the following explanations fits best with the behavioral psychology view
regarding addiction?
a.
Both of these
i.
Drug use is sustained by negative reinforcement produced by
alleviation of an unpleasant (negative) state
ii.
Drug use is sustained by positive reinforcement produced by the
drug's pleasurable effects
18.
Beck's approach to CBT would identify which of the following as cognitive
processes?
a.
proximal structure, intermediate structures, and core beliefs & schemas
19.
A teenager observes their parent drinking nearly every evening when they come
home from work as a way of relaxing and forgetting their stressful day. The parent
is tense when they get home, but they are easy to get along with after they have
had a few drinks. What would Bandura's social learning theory say about this?
a.
The parent has modeled alcohol drinking as a way of coping, and this
increases the likelihood that the adolescent will try alcohol for the same
purpose.
20.
Currently, ________ is considered to be the foremost authority on cognitive therapy.
a.
Aaron Beck
21.
Bernard has been abusing opioids for over a year and has developed a physical
dependence on them. It's now been over 24 hours since he last used because he
told himself he would go "cold turkey" and get off of them. However, withdrawal
symptoms are beginning to intensify, and he feels sick. He ends up using to make
the physical pain and gastrointestinal distress go away. Behaviorists would say that
using the drug to stop withdrawals is an example of ________.
a.
negative reinforcement
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22.
Selective abstraction, overgeneralization, and magnification are examples of ______.
a.
cognitive errors
23.
According to the cognitive-behavioral map for learning and change, if a person
makes a maladaptive response, what is likely to happen?
a.
The outcome feeds back on the thoughts and strengthens them, even
though the behaviors aren't reinforced.
24.
From a purely behavioral psychology approach--as opposed to
cognitive-behavioral approach-- drug usage is an external behavior that is
influenced by consequences. Which of the following would be recommended to
decrease drug usage in someone with a substance abuse disorder. There may be
more than one correct answer. Select all that apply.
a.
reward the teenager for completing their responsibilities with privileges, such as using
the car or eating out
b.
punish the teenager for substance usage by taking away privileges or grounding them
25.
The grandfather of cognitive therapy is _________.
a.
Albert Ellis
26.
There is extensive published research demonstrating that staging interventions for
loved ones with substance abuse problems is the best approach for helping the
person get into treatment.
a.
False
27.
One goal of cognitive therapy is to __________.
a.
learn to recognize and defeat faulty thinking
28.
How does the textbook explain Mel Gibson's belligerence and anti-Semitic remarks
when pulled over for speeding?
a.
The stress of the situation (along with too much alcohol) triggered
deep-seated beliefs that then triggered automatic thoughts that led to
behavior that is usually suppressed.
29.
In cognitive therapy, what does ABC represent?
a.
activating event, belief, and consequence
30.
Only people prone to depression, anxiety, and/or substance abuse have automatic
thoughts.
a.
False
31.
According to Beck, negative thoughts can affect _______.
a.
psychological well-being
32.
Although RT was a forerunner to CBT, the two approaches are technically not the
same.
a.
True
33.
Using a substance to alleviate craving or decrease psychological distress
exemplifies _______.
a.
negative reinforcement
Chapter 20
1.
In the "triangular theory of love", passion relates to ________.
a.
physical attractiveness
2.
The text recommends that with sexual commitment comes sexual responsibility?
Which of the following fit within this responsibility?
a.
All of these
i.
protecting against sexually-transmitted infections
ii.
communicating one's own sexual wants and needs
iii.
protecting against pregnancy (if applicable)
iv.
attending to partner's sexual wants and needs
3.
In order to have a healthy committed romantic relationship, partners need to give
up their sense of individuality to form an enmeshed "one".
a.
False
4.
Which of the following are the three skill sets that Dr. Joanne Davila refers to as
Romantic Competence?
a.
insight, mutuality, and emotion regulation
5.
According to Sternberg s triangular theory of love (discussed in the text) what
three factors does love provide for a person?
a.
passion, intimacy, and commitment
6.
In the Ainsworth "Strange Situation" scenario, a child who uses the caregiver as a
"safe base" while exploring the environment would be deemed to have a _______
attachment style.
a.
Secure
7.
Maslow's notion of the self-actualized individual explicitly included the potential
for _______.
a.
deep interpersonal relationships
8.
The textbook suggests that trust and intimacy in a relationship are a result of
honesty and direct communication.
a.
Ture
9.
The text's chapter Maintaining Close and Intimate Relationships suggests using
"the magic ratio" which emphasizes ______.
a.
how positive interactions should greatly outweigh negative interactions in
order for people to mutually appreciate one another
10.
Why is the early attachment style of a person considered to be so important by
psychologists?
a.
It is thought to be a template for relationship formation which will
influence how people form future relationships
11.
It is really unfortunate if people develop insecure attachment styles as a child
because it is impossible to change attachment styles in later life.
a.
False
12.
In Ainsworth and colleagues' "Strange Situation" study, a child is observed to be
indifferent to the caregiver leaving and returning and treats the stranger the same
way they treat the caregiver. The researchers would have categorized this child as
having a _______ attachment style.
a.
insecure-avoidant
13.
Which of the following would the textbook recommend regarding the degree of
separateness and closeness in a relationship?
a.
A balance between separateness and closeness allows for a healthy
relationship that preserves each person's individualtiy.
14.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of love described in the text?
a.
a person's love for their fellow human beings
15.
Which of the following demonstrates what Joanne Davila refers to as "insight"?
a.
being able to predict that sending a snarky text to your partner because
they left their dirty socks in the middle of the floor will precipitate a fight
16.
When do people start developing their first attachment?
a.
In utero
17.
Having an insecure attachment style ________.
a.
Both of these
i.
puts a person at risk for addiction
ii.
puts a person at risk for mental illness
18.
Lou's partner gets upset with him and begins yelling because he forgot to pick up
dinner on the way home. Instead of yelling back, Lou pauses for a moment and then
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calmly says, "I understand you're upset, and I'm sorry. Let's talk about this, rather
than fighting." Which of the following fits with Lou's response?
a.
Lou is showing good emotional regulation.
Practice Quiz
1.
Which of the following is characteristic of Jellinek's Stage 4 (Chronic Stage) of
alcoholism?
a.
decreased tolerance
2.
Kinley and Reyno demonstrated that some people with insecure attachments could
shift to secure attachments as a result of _______,
a.
a six-week group therapy intervention
3.
Which of the following best describes marijuana potency?
a.
Marijuana tends to be more potent now than it was in the 1970s
4.
Anandamide is ________.
a.
an endocannabinoid
5.
Why was the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 ruled unconstitutional in the Supreme
Court case Leary vs. The United States of America?
a.
Complying with it violates the 5th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution
6.
Drinking alcohol as soon as one gets up in the morning is known as an eye opener.
a.
True
7.
______ involves a therapist engaging a client in a non-judgmental discussion about
reasons for changing their behavior.
a.
Motivational Interviewing
8.
An individual goes to an addictions counselor for an assessment after being cited
for driving under the influence. The person doesn't think that they have a problem
and cannot imagine giving up their substance use. Which of the following best
describes this individual?
a.
They are in the precontemplative stage.
9.
Where do schemas come from?
a.
They are formed through learning and observation of other people and the
world around us.
10.Bentley and Loralei are a couple. One day, Loralei's brother Ralph tells her he is
concerned about Bentley's drinking. Loralei tells Ralph that he doesn't know what
he's talking about. When Ralph points out all of the empty alcohol bottles in the
trash can, Loralei replies that Bentley didn't drink all of the alcohol by himself; he
had friends over who drank some of it. When Ralph mentions that he hasn't seen
Ralph in the past few months when he hasn't smelled of alcohol, Loralei says that
it's just because he only happens to come right after dinner, and she and Bentley
had wine with dinner. Loralei sounds like she fits which of the following roles?
a.
an enabler
11.Margaret tends to see things in very "black-and-white" distinctions. For instance,
people are either with her or against her--there is no in-between. Margaret is guilty
of ________.
a.
dichotomous thinking
12.According to Jellinek, during the crucial stage of alcoholism, a person would _______.
a.
All of these
i.
make rationalizations for drinking
ii.
lose control of drinking
iii.
receive warnings from other people about their drinking
13.Most recovery programs emphasize ________.
a.
abstinence
14.Which of the following is an example of an expectation?
a.
A drink or two will make me feel better.
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