APRN 505 outbreak discussion board 1
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Chamberlain College of Nursing *
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Course
505
Subject
Medicine
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
docx
Pages
3
Uploaded by tsteen09
Hi everyone,
The public health outbreak/issue I decided to research was vaping. I will discuss the
epidemiological significance, statistics, roles of primary care providers, cultural and/or ethical
considerations, and discuss initiatives and/or programs that are aimed at cessation of vaping.
Vaping is the consumption of nicotine by an inhaled aerosol mist that is delivered from a
battery-operated device, known as an electronic cigarette (Talih, Salman, Karaoghlanian, El-
Hellani, Saliba, Eissenberg, & Shihadeh, 2017). They were introduced to the market in the US in
2007 and has since gained growing popularity, especially with adolescents (Hamberger &
Halpern-Felsher, 2020). These products were originally intended to be used as a tobacco
cessation tool (Hamberger & Halpern-Felsher, 2020). However, they have since became rather
pervasive in middle and high school aged students (Hamberger & Halpern-Felsher, 2020). The
usage rates of vaping became recognized as an epidemic in 2017 and still on the rise (Hamberger
& Halpern-Felsher, 2020). In 2018, surveys showed that 21% of 12
th
graders used electronic
cigarettes within the past year (Hamberger & Halpern-Felsher, 2020). In 2019, the percentage of
12
th
graders that reported using electronic cigarettes in the past year increased to 35%
(Hamberger & Halpern-Felsher, 2020). About 1 out of 4 of those 12
th
graders claimed vaping
within the past month and 1 out 9 of those students claimed to vape every day (Hamberger &
Halpern-Felsher, 2020). Adolescents are attracted to vaping because of the flavoring that is
offered, the marketing, and the perception that the health-related risks are lower (Hamberger &
Halpern-Felsher, 2020).
Vaping is a major public health concern because of the uncertainties of the potential long
term health consequences (Besaratinia & Tommasi, 2017). Electronic cigarettes deliver fewer
toxicants that cigarettes, they are not harmless and the consequences that arise with long term use
are still unknown (Sobieski, Yingst, & Foulds, 2022). In 2019, an epidemic known as the e-
cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) arose (Hamberger & Halpern-
Felsher, 2020). The epidemic is not directly linked to use of electronic cigarettes, however,
considering the alarming rates of use of these products by adolescents, this illness has caused
vaping to receive attention at national levels (Hamberger & Halpern-Felsher, 2020). Patients that
reported recent use of electronic cigarettes would develop acute respiratory failure (Hamberger
& Halpern-Felsher, 2020). There were more than 2500 reported EVALI cases that stemmed from
all 50 states (Hamberger & Halpern-Felsher, 2020).
Smoking cessation counseling is probably the most influential factor in an individual's
decision to stop smoking. Smoking is a public health problem and is the leading cause of death
that could have been prevented (Bornemann, Eissa, & Strayer, 2016). Smoking also increases the
risk of cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and cancers, which are also common cause of
mortality (Bornemann, Eissa, & Strayer, 2016). Studies have shown that individuals that stop
smoking by 50 years old, the risk of death due to smoking related causes is cut in half
(Bornemann, Eissa, & Strayer, 2016). Studies also showed that if they were to stop smoking by
the age of 30, the risk of a smoking related death is almost negated entirely (Bornemann, Eissa,
& Strayer, 2016). Providers tend to play a very important role for smoking cessation by
frequently screening patients about their smoking behaviors and provide them with smoking
cessation counseling and resources to quit (Simoneau, Hollenbach, Langton, Kuo, Cloutier, &
Glantz, 2021). The most current recommendation for counseling for smoking cessation is known
as the 5A’s: ask, advise, assess, assist, and arrange (Simoneau, Hollenbach, Langton, Kuo,
Cloutier, & Glantz, 2021). However, these 5 elements are rarely all performed by clinicians
(Simoneau, Hollenbach, Langton, Kuo, Cloutier, & Glantz, 2021).
Providers tend to
acknowledge that providing counseling regarding smoking cessation is important, they rarely
succeed in doing so (Simoneau, Hollenbach, Langton, Kuo, Cloutier, & Glantz, 2021).
Providers
indicated that they simply do not have enough time to give smoking cessation counseling due to
having other concerns that take higher priority of their time (Simoneau, Hollenbach, Langton,
Kuo, Cloutier, & Glantz, 2021). One study suggested that utilizing one specific person in the
clinical setting to provide smoking cessation counseling could be beneficial for all (Simoneau,
Hollenbach, Langton, Kuo, Cloutier, & Glantz, 2021).
This person, either a nurse or community
health worker, could assist and arrange the patient with smoking cessation counseling and refer
to tobacco cessation programs and arrange the follow-up visits (Simoneau, Hollenbach, Langton,
Kuo, Cloutier, & Glantz, 2021).
The key to regulating vaping is legalization without commercialization (Al-Hamdani &
Manly, 2021). Initiatives and programs aimed at reducing the incidence of vaping need to have
polices that involve taxation, advertisement bans, bans of flavors, age restrictions and restrictions
for online purchase (Al-Hamdani & Manly, 2021). The cost to vape is significantly less than the
cost of traditional cigarettes (Al-Hamdani & Manly, 2021). However, 1 vape delivers the same
amount of nicotine as 1 package of cigarettes (Al-Hamdani & Manly, 2021). Considering vaping
is about 1/3 the cost, this adds to the appeal. If taxes on electronic cigarettes are raised and the
price remains less than cigarettes, this will deter their use by youth without making using
cigarettes financially favorable (Al-Hamdani & Manly, 2021). By banning electronic cigarette
advertising, this will prevent the use of vapes because of lifestyle marketing (Al-Hamdani &
Manly, 2021). Most electronic cigarettes are available in a ton of different flavors and tends to be
one of the enticing factors for youth, should also be banned to less the use of vapes (Al-Hamdani
& Manly, 2021). The minimum age to vape being raised to 21 should also help lessen the
incidence of youth vaping along with stricter regulations of online purchasing of the product (Al-
Hamdani & Manly, 2021). However, if these areas are not addressed, the low prices, exposure to
lifestyle advertisements, and easy access will continue to attract the youth to this product and the
likeliness of them vaping will continue to rise (Al-Hamdani & Manly, 2021).
References
Al-Hamdani, M., & Manly, E. (2021). Smoking cessation or initiation: The paradox of vaping.
Preventative Medicine Reports, 22
, 101363.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101363
Besaratinia, A., & Tommasi, S. (2017). An opportune and unique research to evaluate the public
health impact of Electronic Cigarettes.
Cancer Causes & Control
,
28
(10), 1167–1171.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-017-0952-5
Bornemann, P., Eissa, A., & Strayer, S. M. (2016). Smoking cessation: What should you
recommend?
Journal of Family Practice, 65
(1), 22.
Simoneau, T., Hollenbach, J. P., Langton, C. R., Kuo, C.-L., & Cloutier, M. M. (2021). Smoking
cessation and counseling: A mixed methods study of pediatricians and parents.
PLOS
ONE
,
16
(2), e0246231.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246231
Sindelar, J. L. (2020). Regulating Vaping — Policies, Possibilities, and Perils.
New England
Journal of Medicine
,
382
(20), e54.
https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1917065
Sobieski, E., Yingst, J., & Foulds, J. (2022). Quitting electronic cigarettes: Factors associated
with quitting and quit attempts in long-term users.
Addictive Behaviors
,
127
, 107220.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107220
Talih, S., Salman, R., Karaoghlanian, N., El-Hellani, A., Saliba, N., Eissenberg, T., & Shihadeh,
A. (2017). “Juice Monsters”: Sub-Ohm Vaping and Toxic Volatile Aldehyde
Emissions.
Chemical Research in Toxicology
,
30
(10), 1791–1793.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00212
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