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Madison Area Technical College, Madison *

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Dec 6, 2023

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Ebola Outbreak Two missionaries visit Green County from central Africa o a Thursday. One visits Monroe High School to present information about Africa in an assembly on Friday afternoon. The other speaks to SSM staff (i.e., St. Marys) at the hospital in Madison about the medical challenges in Africa. They attend St. Victor’s chruch on Fridyay and then fall ill on Monday. They are admitted to The Monroe Hospital. Their conditions deteriorate and they are transferred by ambulance to University Hospitals in Madison. Their condition was NOT diagnosed for 48 hours when the Wisconsin State Lab of Hygiene confirms the diagnosis. Both patients died within 60 hours of admission. The next week, six people present themselves to three different hospital emergency departments. Two of those hospitals were unaware of the ebola diagnoses. By Friday morning, 8 days after their arrival in Green County an emergency alert was released from the State Departmetn of Health Services. Part 1: Incident commander: After assessing the situation, I need to make the general public aware of what is going on in order to prevent the outbreak from spreading further. Patients who present with signs and symptoms of Ebola would be placed in isolation or quarantine until their condition could be assessed by a physician. Making sure that public health and the World Health Organization (WHO) are aware of and involved in the cases and data is critical to stopping the spread of the virus and identifying its root cause. 1. Strategies to raise awareness include the use of social media, text messages, collaboration, delegation, and making decisions about the situation. Case detection and isolation in a timely manner. 2. Intensification of rapid multidisciplinary public health interventions in the immediate aftermath of any confirmed case; and 3. Increasing the level of participation in the community; strengthening the health-care system and ensuring that the activities of both local and international partners are effectively coordinated

4. Creating synergies between public health activities and those of the security, humanitarian, financial, and operational readiness sectors, as well as the operational readiness of neighboring countries, in order to create an enabling environment for response Other ICO responsibilities that I may take on include logistics and finance/administration. My instructions to the public information officer, safety officer, and liaisons with other agencies are to provide information, safety, and liaison services to the entire organization, as well as to other departments and agencies. The Public Information Officer is responsible for providing information to internal and external stakeholders, such as the media and other organizations seeking information directly from the incident or event, and acting as a conduit for that information. The Safety Officer is responsible for monitoring safety conditions and developing policies and procedures to ensure the safety of all assigned personnel. The Liaison Officer is the primary point of contact for all supporting agencies assigned to a particular incident. Safety Officer: Ebola is a highly contagious disease. Direct contact with the virus is the most common method of transmission (via broken skin or mucous membranes, in the nose, mouth, or eyes). Blood or bodily fluids from infected individuals have the potential to spread the infection to uninfected individuals. It is necessary to prevent the spread of ebola in order to maintain control over the disease. The goal of prevention is to keep viruses from coming into contact with one another. The precautions listed below can help to reduce the risk of infection and spread of the Ebola virus and the Marburg virus.

• Stay away from areas where outbreaks have been reported. Before traveling to Africa, check the website of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to learn about current epidemics. • Hands should be washed frequently. Hand washing on a regular basis, as is the case with other infectious diseases, is one of the most important preventive measures. Instead of using soap and water when soap and water aren't available, use alcohol-based hand rubs that contain at least 60 percent alcohol. • Stay away from bush meat. Do not purchase or consume wild animals, including nonhuman primates, that are sold in local markets when traveling in developing countries. • Avoid coming into contact with infected individuals. It is especially important for caregivers to avoid direct contact with an infected person's body fluids and tissues, which include blood, sperm, vaginal secretions, and saliva. Avoid touching the person's clothing, bedding, or any other items that may have come into contact with him or her. People infected with the Ebola virus or the Marburg virus are most contagious when they are in the later stages of their illness. • Adhere to infection-control procedures at all times. For health-care workers, personal protective equipment (PPE) that protects you from head to toe is required under OSHA regulations. Individuals who are infected with the viruses should be kept apart from others. Needles should be disposed of properly, and other instruments should be sterilized. • Do not handle any leftovers. It is still possible to contract Ebola virus or Marburg virus from the bodies of people who have died as a result of the virus. The remains should be buried by specially organized and trained teams, who should use appropriate safety equipment. The quarantine or isolation of those who have been exposed to Ebola would be required in most cases. I would gather all of the necessary information from clinics, hospitals, reporters, the

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incident commander officer, and large organizations, among other places (i.e. OSHA, WHO, CDC). Part 2: Representative Green, Mark E. first introduced H.R.2990 - Rural Health Care Access Act of 2019 on May 23 rd , 2019. This act is “to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to permit States to designate without any mileage limitations facilities that are located in rural areas as critical access hospitals, and for other purposes” (Congress.gov, n.d.). This Act may be cited as the “Rural Health Care Access Act of 2019'' in section 1. In section 2, it mentions the Medicare Flexibility Act. My selection of this Act was based on the fact that it is one of the first bills that they are introducing to provide access to healthcare in rural areas, which I thought was interesting. They are now attempting to provide healthcare throughout the world so that issues such as distance, a lack of resources, and access do not become a problem.

References CDC . (n.d.). Interim guidance on risk assessment and management of persons with potential Ebola virus exposure, quarantine. https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/interim-guidance-risk- assessment-ebola.html Mayo Clinic. (2022, January 4). Ebola virus and Marburg virus - symptoms and causes . https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ebola-virus/symptoms-causes/syc- 20356258 Pillai, S. M., Nyenswah, T., Rouse, E., Arwady, M. A., Forrester, J.D., Hunter, J. C., Matanock, A., Ayscue, P., Monroe, B., Schafer, I. J., Poblano, L., Neatherlin, J., Montgomery, J. M., and De Cock, K. M., (2014, October 14) Developing an incident management system to support Ebola response — Liberia, July–August 2014 . CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6341a4.htm Congress.Gov. (n.d.). H.R.2990 - 116th Congress (2019–2020): Rural Health Care Access Act of 2019 . https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/2990/text? format=txt&r=7&s=1

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