Respiratory Emergencies

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School

Boston University *

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MISC

Subject

Medicine

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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pdf

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Uploaded by EarlElectron12457

Ends of Branches: Alveoli Media Stiunum: Reference to middle space between lungs and everything that it houses. Pleura: Encases Lung Parietal Pleura: Lines the inside of the thoracic cavity. Visceral Pleura: Outermost membrane, thin. Alveoli: Oxygenation takes place at capillary level of alveoli: chemical process of respiration capillary level: One cell walled, high to low concentration Large surface area, 1 cell thick, very dense capillary network. Along walls in alveoli, Surfactant, is there, allows alveoli to keep their shape. If they fall, pt has emphysema, if they have too much, genetic disorder, cystic fibrosis. Moist lining. Good blood supply, capillary network, streams Hemoglobin binds to red blood cell to carry oxygen. Oxygenation: Chemical change Ventilation: Mechanical process of breathing. Inspiration: Active portion of breathing Expiration: Passive portion of breathing Phrenic nerves has diaphragm contract, changing pressures in thoracic cavity and makes lungs expand. Vegas nerve: respirator centers, and also has to due with the ability to dilate and constrict your vessels. CincoP Syncopal Episode: Fainting, Body Pressures change RA: Room air. Breathe in 21% o2 and breath out 16% Volume of air: ML, Adult Male: 500 ml of air in their volume 100 of this air is considered dead space air.

Minute air: amt of air circulated in system in min: total volume times respiratory rate Normal Breathign rates Adults: 12-20 Children:15-30 Infants: 25-50 PNEA- Suffix for breathing Dys; difficulty A- no Normal Rate and depth 12-20 pbm Regular ryhthm (equal rise and fall) Good breath sounds Regular rise and fall movements Easy, not labored Weeze: Constriction Dyspnea: Difficulty breathing RATES: Adult: 12-20: Concerned below 6-8 or above 24 Child: 15-30: Concerned: Below 10 above 30 Infant: 25-50: Below 20 above 60. SpO2 Rates: IF THEY HAVE CHEST PAIN: NEVER WITHHOLD 02. Hints myocardial not getting blood supply. 100%-95%: Normal do not need to give 02 94%-91%: Mild Hypoxia: Nasal Canula 1-6 Liters/pm 24-44% 02 90%-86% Moderate Hypoxia: Non-Re Breather 6/15 Liters/pm 90% 02 If their 02 goes down after non-re breather, they were already on their hypoxic drive and we need to go back to Nasal Canula and we need to go to 2 Liters pm If pt COPD: 2 Liters per min

Below 85%: Severe hypoxia BVM 15-25 liters/pm 100% O2 Bag Valve Mask Characteristics of Adequate Breathing: Go Over on Slides normal Rate and Depth Rate Rhythm Quality Eupnea Normal Aggressively take care of that airway. Tripod position = difficulty breathing. Barrelled chest: puffed out chest, emphysema. Oxygen is a drug Class: Gas Mechanism of Action: Reverseses hypoxemia Indications: suspected or confirmed hypoxia. Respiratory distress. Acute chest pain in which a myocardial infarction is suspected. Shock. Trauma. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Dose: Nasal Cannula 1-6 lpm 22%=44% oxygen Small Volume Nebulizer 6-10 lpm Non-rebreather mask: 10-15 lmp 90% Bag valve mask 10-25 100%

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