week 1 assigment, self-leadership what is it

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1 UAG Self-Leadership, Compare and Contrast SCT and IMT Daniel Agriesti The University of Arkansas Grantham Course Code: LD510 Grit, Performance, Staying P Professor Craig Nathanson

2 UAG Self-Leadership, Compare and Contrast SCT and IMT What is Self-Leadership? Self-leadership is the process of influencing oneself. This definition is derived from research in two main areas of psychology, Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and Intrinsic Motivation Theory (IMT). In this discussion we will compare and contrast these two theories along with discuss what self-efficacy is and how it plays into both theories. Compare and Contrast To start with part of the discussion lets define both theories. SCT is defined as an interpersonal theory that emphasizes the dynamic interaction between people (personal factors), their behaviors, and the environment around them. (Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory: Definition & Examples, 2022) Basically it is the theory that shows how influence and environment around an individual can determine the behavior of the individual. The Bobo Doll experiment is one that was conducted by Albert Bandura which shows this theory in play by having preschool children watch an adult verbally and physically attack a Bobo Doll then show the adult receiving positive, negative and no reward for their actions. The study showed that children that saw the adult get positive or no reward for abusing the bobo doll acted more aggressively toward the doll when compared to the children that showed the adult receive negative reward for abusing the doll. This theory and study show that external factors and influences can be learned be individuals. Next, is Intrinsic motivational theory or IMT. This theory is defined as the spontaneous tendency to seek out novelty and challenges to extend and exercise one’s compacity to explore and learn. (Frontiers | What Is Intrinsic Motivation? A Typology of Computational Approaches, n.d.) Some examples of this would be things like strength training, or completely crossword puzzles. This theory discusses the thought process behind doing or learning something. To

3 further explain this theory let’s look at exercising. The act of exercising is not the example of IMT rather the mentality behind conducting the exercise is the example. If a boxing is exercising, he is doing this to become stronger to be able to take punches and lay harder punches on his opponents this does help oneself but has a reasoning of not being hurt while fighting other boxers. Weightlifters, or people who just exercise to become healthier or stronger are the example of IMT here. They are doing these acts of self-discipline to achieve a goal for themselves with little or no external factors involved. Reason why I saw little is, in my understanding, is body builders can fit into both external and internal motivational theory here. They are weightlifting to better themselves but also to achieve a goal of getting the most asthenic body to win Body building shows. Comparing and contrasting these two theories boils down to learning. Both are theories based on learning. The main difference between one is SCT involves external factors such as social environments and IMT is more internal factors, such as the want or discipline to learn or do something. Both are important to cognitive thinking and reasoning. Both are an important factor in the development of an individual’s education or cognitive learning. There are some contradictions though that I have seen researching these two theories. SCT shows that behaviors are learned by outside resources and seem to state that they cannot be unlearned. One example of this is children of smokers are 4 times more likely to become smokers (Hicking, 2022) another more extreme example of this SCT is child abusers. according to Cambridge Core most child abusers of male children report being abused as a child themselves. This shows that outside factors or environment has played a factor in the learned behavior of the individual and now they display this behavior because it was learned at a young age. Now, IMT shows that these behaviors can be broken or learned not to do. David Goggins is a great example of this. He has

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4 made huge success in motivational speaking in this area. Most motivational speakers call it self- discipline, but they talk about IMT more than anything. In David Goggins case he was a product of SCT growing up being taught by his environment that he was just a mediocre guy, overweight and worked as an exterminator. David goes on to say that he had something inside of him constantly tell him he was meant to be greater than this. So, he lost 100 pounds and joined the navy to become a navy seal. Then became the only man to be a Navy Seal and Army Ranger. Mike Todd talks about this in one of his sermons as well. He calls it generational curse. In this sermon he talks about how you become your parents which refers to SCT but shows how you can break those habits or “Sins” by making internal changes in yourself and the first thing you need to do is change your mindset which refers to IMT. Self-Efficacy Now both theories discuss Self-Efficacy, which is the individual’s belief in their compacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments. (Bandura, 1997) another word that gets thrown around in this topic is confidence or self- confidence. In my own words I would say that Self-Efficacy or self confidence is belief that you can accomplish something or reach a goal. David Goggin’s is also a great example of this as well. He always talks about how he had something inside of him telling him that he was meant for greater than where he was at in his life. He discusses how this became a fear of his. In a video he talks about how when he dies and meets his maker, God, or what you believe, you will be asked or shown a list of accomplishments that you could have done in your life. His self- developed fear is that he would see this list and see that he could have done all these things but didn’t. he would be ashamed in other words. Physical training is another example of self- efficacy. You can’t just walk into a gym and list all the weights in the gym. You have to

5 establish long term and short-term goals that are reasonable and attainable and create the discipline to stay constant in order to reach those goals. As you complete each goal you will start to believe more and more that you can reach the next goal and so on. You are essentially building your self-confidence or self-efficacy at this point. Downside to building self-efficacy is that it does take time. This cannot be done over night and in todays society and technological advancements that is hard to do. Second is there will always be stumbles and negativity along the way that will discourage you. If you work past this though, I believe that this will strengthen your self-efficacy more than if you went through with flying colors. Conclusion Social Cognitive Theory and Intrinsic Motivation theory are two theories that deal with peoples psychological learning of behaviors. SCT discusses the environmental factors of learned behaviors and IMT discusses the internal factors that develop learned behaviors. They both discuss self-efficacy or self-confidence as a factor in both theories. Self-efficacy is built by learning and reaching established goals and outside behaviors toward your image.

6 References Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory: Definition & Examples . (2022, November 3). Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/social-cognitive-theory.html Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy in Changing Societies . Cambridge University Press. Cycle of child sexual abuse: Links between being a victim and becoming a perpetrator | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core . (n.d.). Cambridge Core. Retrieved November 14, 2023, from https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british- journal-of-psychiatry/article/cycle-of-child-sexual-abuse-links-between-being-a-victim-and- becoming-a-perpetrator/A98434C25DB8619FB8F1E8654B651A88 Frontiers | What is intrinsic motivation? A typology of computational approaches . (n.d.). Frontiers. Retrieved November 14, 2023, from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/neuro.12.006.2007/full Health Behavior and Health Education | Part Three, Chapter Eight: Key Constructs . (n.d.). Home | Perelman School of Medicine | Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved November 14, 2023, from https://www.med.upenn.edu/hbhe4/part3- ch8-key-constructs.shtml Hicking, S. (2022, January 4). Children four times more likely to take up smoking if their parents are smokers . National Health Executive: National Health Execute. https://www.nationalhealthexecutive.com/articles/children-more-likely-to-smoke-if-their- parents-are-smokers

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7 Motivation to learn: an overview of contemporary theories - PMC . (n.d.). PubMed Central (PMC). Retrieved November 14, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5113774/ Motiversity. (2023, November 12). DAVID GOGGINS’ SELF DISCIPLINE - Motivational Speech #motivation #davidgoggins #discipline . YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=1Pr2KjQDvyU The Emerging Neuroscience of Intrinsic Motivation: A New Frontier in Self-Determination Research - PMC . (n.d.). PubMed Central (PMC). Retrieved November 14, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5364176/#:~:text=Intrinsic%20motivation %20refers%20to%20the,it%20interesting%20and%20inherently%20satisfying. Townsend-Hopkins, N. (2019, March 2). Post- Real Talk With Nikki . Real Talk with Nikki- Millennial Faith, Motherhood, Lifestyle Blog; Real Talk with Nikki- Millennial Faith, Motherhood, Lifestyle Blog. https://norqueratownsend.com/faith/2019/3/3/all-strings-attached- family-ties

week 1 assigment, self-leadership what is it

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