Chapter 3
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Feb 20, 2024
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Uploaded by ProfSalamander1480
Stevan Stajic Sec 002
Chapter 3: Comas: Karen Quinlan, Nancy Cruzan, and Terri Schiavo
1)
Be able to discuss Karen Quinlan’s case by answering the following questions:
a)
What's the best explanation of why Karen Quinlan went into a coma?
Karen Quinlan went into a coma from a mix of drugs, alcohol which caused suppressed breathing that lead to her brain essentially being destroyed
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b)
How did the use of ventilators cause the need to clarify the criteria of death?
Since ventilators were usually used in emergency or trauma incidents
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c)
Describe Karen’s physical appearance/behavior.
She was underweight in a almost vegetive state. She would move her head around, sometimes brink or even flail your arms up.
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d)
What are the conflicts that arose when the Quinlan’s went to court?
Some conflicts that arose when Quinlan went to court was who could make decisions for the medical treatment and the right to decline it
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e)
What right was cited in the following US Supreme Court cases: Oklahoma vs. Skinner
(1942), Griswold vs. Connecticut
(1965), and Roe vs. Wade
(1973)? Right to privacy was cited following US Supreme Court cases: Oklahoma vs. Skinner
(1942), Griswold vs. Connecticut
(1965), and Roe vs. Wade
(1973
f)
How did the New Jersey Supreme Court cite this right in Quinlan
and what did they rule?
New Jersey Supreme Court allowed for Quinlan’s plug to be polled as it was the families right to privacy
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g)
"Physicians pulled the plug on Karen, but she didn't die." What happened? How long did she live? Who cared for her during this time?
When the plug was polled she continued to breathe for another 10 years. During this time
per family was taken care of her
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2)
Be able to discuss Nancy Cruzan’s case by answering the following questions:
a)
Describe how Nancy was injured, revived, and her physical condition afterwards.
And he was injured in a car accident and was revived by CPR. She was placed on life-
support but was considered brain dead and in a vegetable state.
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b)
How did the use of an artificial feeding tube cause an ethical dilemma in Cruzan’s case?
This is an ethical dilemma because it lead to her death
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c)
What three things were declared in the Cruzan case by the U. S. Supreme Court?
Three things declared by the US Supreme Court with a choice of a abled patient to decline medical treatment. Second, the feeding tube was considered life-threatening medical support and it wasn’t the parents choice under the ninth amendment. Thirdly the state allowed a statue that would require hard evidence under what the patient would’ve wanted.
Stevan Stajic Sec 002
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3)
Be able to discuss Terri Schiavo’s case by answering the following questions:
a)
How long did Michael try to rehabilitate Terri before he sought a court order to remove her feeding tube? How long was Terri in a coma before a court allowed her feeding tube to be removed?
Michael tried to rehabilitate Terry for 5 years. Terri was in a coma for eight years before the feeding tube was removed
b)
Describe the controversy between Michael Schiavo and her parents, the Schindlers.
The controversy between Michael Schiavo and her parents, the Schindlers was centered around the removal of the feeding tube. Michael Believe that Terri would not have wanted to live why the Schindler’s went against Michael’s claim and wanted to keep Terri on the feeding tube. This later went to a legal battle as I cannot find common ground between a disagreement
c)
Why did disability advocates claim that Terri Schiavo was a victim of discrimination against the disabled?
Disability advocates cleaned the Teri was a victim of discrimination against the disabled because the decision to remove the feeding tube made a assumption’s are the quality of a disabled person’s life. They inferred that people with disabilities were valued as less.
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4)
Describe the 3 standards of declaring someone dead (Harvard, cognitive, and irreversibility). How are the terms "brain-death" and "life-support" misleading? Harvard-A person is declared deceased when your heart stops beating and they stop breathing
Cognitive-a person is considered deceased when they have no several functions including
no brain stem activity even if their heart is beating
Irreversibility-this refers to the inability to restore function
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5)
What is a persistent vegetative state (“PVS”)?
a)
Is PVS the same as brain death?
They are not considered the same
b)
Explain what is meant by a “minimally conscious state”?
Somebody only shows little awareness or understanding
c)
How does Descartes explain one would assess another's consciousness? Descartes explain how one would assess another's consciousness by assessing one’s language and behaviour as they must show mental activities like reasoning thinking and understanding
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6)
Describe what is meant by medical futility. How did the Wanglie and Gilgunn cases involve medical futility? With whom do judges usually side with in cases involving medical futility? Medical futility is there a medical treatments won’t help patients. Wanglie and Gilgunn cases
involve medical futility since their attempts for treatment unsuccessful. Judges typically side with medical professionals or healthcare institutions.
Stevan Stajic Sec 002
7)
What is the distinction between ordinary and extraordinary treatment in medical ethics?
a)
How did Pope John Paul II cause controversy in Catholic hospitals by his remarks on withdrawing feeding tubes for PVS patients? John Paul cause controversy in Catholic hospitals because he stated removing feeding tube from patients with PVS was constituted as euthanasia by omission. This challenge Catholic hospitals because feeding tubes were regularly removed as an act of passion to end one’s life
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b)
What has happened since? No Catholic hospitals can only remove lessening care under few conditions
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c)
Explain 2 misconceptions about artificial nutrition and hydration.
One misconception about artificial nutrition and hydration are they providing food and water to artificial means is always considered ordinary medical care as these are both basic needs but confusion arises since these are offered through mechanical process and I technically nature. Another misconception is these treatments are soon to be comfortable for patients as it eases dehydration or hunger the suppose is the possibility that this could cause more discomfort or harm as it distrupts the natural dying process.
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8)
What is an advance directive? What are the 2 major challenges with advance directives?
Advanced directive is a legal document where individual can decide their preferences on medical care if they’re unable to communicate or make decisions from selves. One issue is that individuals can’t predict the future preferences for medical treatment and they can only base this off of hypothetical scenarios. Another issue is these decisions can go against one’s spouse or family members wishes.
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