Pediatric Development
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Skagit Valley College *
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Course
135
Subject
Medicine
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
docx
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2
Uploaded by SuperBoulder10791
1.
Describe 3 principles of physical development in childhood. (3 pts)
Dr. Schulman stated the principles of physical development in childhood. They are the following:
Primitive reflexes must resolve prior to attaining voluntary control over motor movements. A few of these reflexes are Moro (startle), hand and foot grasp, and fencing reflex. The CNS controls or inhibits these reflexes as it develops, and the infant develops new motor movements.
Development is influenced by experience. Skills take time to develop. As infants continue to perform each skill, they also develop the strength in their physical bodies to sustain those skills such as motor movements. The more they are physically able to (experience), the more they begin to learn new movements from the experience they have of previously learned skills.
Control is developed from the neck downwards. The development follows directional patterns which are fundamental to all humans. One pattern referred to as cephalocaudal development proceeds from head to toe. An example is when baby raises
his head before being able to sit (Leifer, 2022, p. 366). 2.
How would you educate a parent about what gross motor milestones to anticipate for a 4-
month-old infant? (1 pts)
I would educate the parent to anticipate head control or the development of rolling from back to side. Leifer (2022) talks about the baby being able to lift their head and shoulders when on the abdomen and looks around. Turns from back to side. While on the abdomen the 4-month-old can lift the head and shoulders and look around. 3.
What are two things you would suggest parents do to help keep their child safe at 15 months? (2 pts)
At 15 months, the child learns to walk without help and creep up the stairs. To prevent falls, safety gates should be used across the top and bottom of the stairs, crib mattresses should be kept in the lowest position with the rails all the way up, and doors and windows of the house should be kept locked (Williams, et.al., 2020, p.23)
4.
At what age can a child climb up and down stairs with a rail or a hand to assist them? (1 pts)
At age 18-24 months, the child may hold on to the rail or a parent’s hand while climbing up/down the stairs.
5.
Name at least three things that would cause concern for a child regarding attaining motor milestones. (3 pts)
While it is important to remember that babies develop at their own pace and in their own way, there are guidelines mentioned by Dr. Shulman in the video that could cause concern regarding motor milestones, which follows:
If head control is not attained by 4 months
If the baby is not yet sitting by 9 months
If the baby is not yet walking by 18 months
If there are loss/regression of recently attained skills at any age
References:
Dr. Shulman, Lisa. (2014). Baby Milestones: Motor Development. Albert Einstein College of Medicine. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5wWVNYLBVk
. Leifer, G. (2022). Introduction to Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 9th Edition. [[VitalSource Bookshelf version]]. Retrieved from vbk://9780323830911
Williams, Debborah et.al. (2020) PN Nursing Care of Children. Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC.
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