Research Skills Assignment 2 Jan 24 (2)
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University of Toronto *
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Course
200
Subject
Medicine
Date
Feb 20, 2024
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2
Uploaded by LieutenantPowerQuail35
In-class Assignment For this activity, you are going to step into the role of an instructor and grade a student assignment. Your student was given these instructions: Write a paragraph explaining the recent evidence on the role of pharmacogenomics in personalized medicine. Include at least 5 peer-reviewed sources cited in APA format. Your sources should be of sound quality, utilizing high levels of evidence when possible. Read the student’s submission below
: Recent evidence has highlighted the substantial impact of pharmacogenomics in advancing personalized medicine. Studies have demonstrated the utility of pharmacogenomic testing in guiding treatment decisions and reducing the risk of adverse events (Daly et al., 2020). Pharmacogenomics has been particularly effective in optimizing drug efficacy and safety in oncology, with research showing improved outcomes through individualized dosing based on genetic profiles (Pisharody, 2022). In psychiatric medication regimens, pharmacogenomics has shown promise in tailoring treatments to enhance response rates and minimize side effects (Hicks et al., 2021). Furthermore, pharmacogenomic approaches have been explored to optimize cardiovascular drug therapy, potentially reducing cardiovascular events and improving patient outcomes (Wang et al., 2020). Overall, the implementation of pharmacogenomics-guided prescribing across various clinical specialties has demonstrated its efficacy in advancing personalized medicine and improving patient care (Caudle et al., 2017).
References:
Caudle, K. E., Dunnenberger, H. M., Freimuth, R. R., Peterson, J. F., & Weinshilboum, R. M. (2017). Standardizing terms for clinical pharmacogenetic test results: consensus terms from the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC). Genetics in Medicine, 19(2), 215-223. doi: 10.1038/gim.2016.87
Crews, K. R., Hicks, J. K., Pui, C. H., Relling, M. V., & Evans, W. E. (2019). Pharmacogenomics and individualized medicine: Translating science into practice. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 107(3), 516-520. doi: 10.1002/cpt.1289
Daly, A. K., Rettie, A. E., Fowler, D. M., Miners, J. O., & Avery, P. (2020). Pharmacogenomics: Past, present and future. Drug Discovery Today, 25(10), 1773-1777. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.08.001
Pisharody, S. (2022). Pharmacogenomics: The key to unlocking the future of personalized healthcare. https://hitconsultant.net/2022/09/07/pharmacogenomics-personalized-healthcare/. Wang, D., Poon, S. H., Huang, L., Sadee, W., & Johnson, J. A. (2020). Pharmacogenomics in cardiovascular therapeutics: Redefining the roadmap. Pharmacological Reviews, 72(1), 228-255. doi: 10.1124/pharmrev.119.117303
Now, answer the following: 1.
Provide 1-2 suggestions for improvement for the student regarding their choice of sources. Did they choose sources that were of high quality, peer-reviewed, and trustworthy? The first source from Caudle, K.E. was a non-peer-reviewed article which is acceptable but not the best type of source. The second course from Crews, K.R. is a peer-reviewed article which is a high-quality source of information. However, this source is not cited in text for a specific area. The third source from Daly, A.K. cannot be find online which may be AI generated and a fake source. The fourth source can be considered as a grey literature. It came from a website that is not a trustworthy and may contain false information. The last source is also a non-peer-reviewed article which is acceptable but not preferred. Student should look for more peer-reviewed articles when doing research and especially the information that need in-text citation. Student should also avoid using grey literature and unreputable website as their information sources. Student should also read through the abstract and conclusion of the article before deciding whether it is a good evidence and support for their argument. 2.
Provide 1-2 suggestions for improvement for the student regarding their use of APA format. Were they accurate in their citing and referencing? The student makes an incorrect in-text citation by Crews et al., citing Hicks as the first author when, in actuality, they are the second author. The correct citation should be ‘Crews et al.’
The second paper cited “Pharmacogenomics and individualized medicine: Translating science into practice.” was published in 2012, not 2019. In addition, the in
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text citation doesn’t seem to align with the corresponding date in the bibliography. In the in-text citation, the student cites the source as being published in 2021 when they have cited the paper to have been published in 2019 in the bibliography. With the above criticisms considered, the student was not accurate with their citing and referencing. To correctly and accurately cite using the APA style, the student should not only pay more attention to who the first author is of each paper, but also consider the year on which paper was published, and make sure that the details of the in-text citation and the cited paper align with one another.
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