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Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science & Technology, Karachi *
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Medicine
Date
Nov 24, 2024
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docx
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Uploaded by ffarhatt
Question:
What ethical issues arise in relation to AI decision making support in a health care
environment?
Are such processes to be trusted?
Answer:
From scientific applications in fields such as imaging and diagnostics to process enhancement in
hospitals to the use of health software to determine the symptoms of a person, many claims that
healthcare will be revolutionized by artificial intelligence ( AI). In the coming years , economic
forecasters have expected exponential growth in the AI health sector; the size of the market will
rise more than 10-fold between 2014 and 2021, according to one report. Many problems emerge
with this development, and it is important that AI is ethically and lawfully introduced in the
healthcare system (1).
Increasingly, AI fitness applications and chatbots are being used, ranging from diet advice and
wellness tests and help enhance adherence to treatment and interpret data gathered by wearable
sensors. Those applications raise concerns about user agreements and their connexion to
informed consent for bioethicists. A user agreement is an arrangement that a person agrees to
without a face-to - face dialogue, in contrast to the conventional informed consent procedure.
Many persons may not have the time to grasp user agreements, usually rejecting them. In
comparison, regular app upgrades make it much more difficult for users to obey the terms of
service they have committed to(3). What data can users using those applications and chatbots be
presented with? Do customers understand enough that the potential use of the AI health app or
chatbot could be conditional on improvements to the terms of use being accepted? How closely
do informed consent documents imitate user agreements? In this case, what does an ethically
responsible usage agreement look like? It is difficult to solve these questions, and they become
much more difficult to answer as input is fed back into clinical decision-making from patient-
facing AI health applications or chatbots (2).
References:
1.
Gerke, S., Minssen, T. and Cohen, I.G., 2020. Ethical and Legal Challenges of Artificial
Intelligence-Driven Health Care.
Forthcoming in: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare, 1st edition,
Adam Bohr, Kaveh Memarzadeh (eds.)
.
2.
Asan, O., Bayrak, A.E. and Choudhury, A., 2020. Artificial Intelligence and Human Trust in
Healthcare: Focus on Clinicians.
Journal of medical Internet research
,
22
(6), p.e15154.
3.
Braun, M., Hummel, P., Beck, S. and Dabrock, P., 2020. Primer on an ethics of AI-based decision
support systems in the clinic.
Journal of Medical Ethics
.
Post:
With the phase of rapid globalisation artificial intelligence has taken over the world and
even the medical sector is not untouched in that regard. (Reddy, S., Fox, J. and Purohit,
M.P. 2019), in over several years In recent years, with the advancement of deep neural
networks, natural language processing, computer vision and robotics, there has been
massive progress in artificial intelligence ( AI). With many of the health service tasks
currently being delivered by physicians and managers planned to be taken over by AI in
the coming years, these strategies are now actively being introduced in healthcare.
However, with the misguided notion that AI would totally replace human practitioners,
there has also been extraordinary hype about the capabilities of AI. The major sector where
AI would have most influence would be patient administration, clinical decision support,
monitoring patients and interventions in health care.
The potential framework to address the challenges serves the convenient environment for
prospecting various health care policies, and AI also can think like a doctor. The approach
of AI through simulation of alternate sequential decision paths, dynamic decision networks
learn from clinical data and build complex plans while capturing the often conflicting,
often synergistic experiences of different components in the healthcare system. AI approach
could obtain a 30–35% increase in patient outcomes. It can approximate accurate decision
even in complex and uncertain circumstances (Bennett, C.C. and Hauser, K., 2013)
It is also said that although AI based innovations in the medical sector is advancing rapidly
there is an arising issue in the real world clinical implementation due to this. Issues in
regard to confidentialities, data management, transparencies and the patient safety,
(Zhang, K., 2019). New governance standards have been brought forward by the ethical
problems caused by the
applications, despite the great potential of frontier AI research and
development in the field of medical care. The special guidelines for AI application for
health care is to ensure the trustworthiness from AI
in every health sector, (Guan, J.,
2019).
Reply
Well, I have thought that AI is now top-of - mind for decision-makers, states, investors and
innovators in health care. In countries as diverse as Finland, Germany , the United Kingdom,
Israel, China , and the United States, a growing number of governments have laid out
expectations for AI in healthcare and many are spending heavily in AI-related science (3). The
private sector continues to play an important role, with venture capital ( VC) investment hitting
$8.5 billion across the top 50 healthcare-related AI businesses, including major tech
corporations, start-ups, pharmaceutical including medical devices businesses and health insurers,
all engaging in the evolving healthcare industry of AI (1).
If A.I. In our present and future culture, structures must play a useful and positive role, so these
structures can work in alignment with a collection of principles compatible with those of
humans. A.I, a. I. Systems are created and assembled by humans and this fact puts a
responsibility on all A.I. When embarking on the development of such structures, designers and
engineers would follow a series of ethical standards (2). When you work with self-learning
algorithms, the old adage about computer systems, exactly what you put in, decides what you get
out, is nuanced and amplified. Technology ethics covers artificial intelligence ethics that refers to
robots and other artificially intelligent beings (1).
References:
1.
https://www.oatext.com/some-ethical-and-legal-consequences-of-the-application-of-
artificial-intelligence-in-the-field-of-medicine.php#gsc.tab=0
2.
https://www.hallandpartners.com/big-ethical-challenges-for-ai-in-healthcare
3.
SION, G., 2018. How artificial intelligence is transforming the economy. Will cognitively enhanced
machines decrease and eliminate tasks from human workers through automation?.
Journal of
Self-Governance and Management Economics
,
6
(4), pp.31-36.
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