Activity8_EQ_locMagnitude_buildings_23F-v2 (1)

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Jan 9, 2024

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Fall 2023 GEO008 Page 1 of 4 Activity 8 Earthquake Magnitude and building structure (100 points) 1. Geological investigations, ground motion recordings, and aftershock locations indicate that the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake mainshock had a moment magnitude of 7.1, average slip of 2.7 m, a shear modulus m = 3.00 X 10 10 N/m 2 , and a fault width (depth) of 10.0 km. What was the along-strike length of the fault in the Ridgecrest earthquake mainshock event? Remember a Newton (N) is the same thing as (kg*m)/s 2 . Make sure that you convert all km to m before doing your calculations. You will need your seismic moment to be in units of N*m for this problem to work. (25 pts)
Fall 2023 GEO008 Page 2 of 4 2. In the previous questions, we discuss the mainshock in the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence. The moment magnitude (Mw) of the earthquake was 7.1. In the following questions, we will consider two hypothetical scenarios similar to the Ridgecrest earthquake mainshock in many ways, and try to see if they are plausible. a) If the magnitude of the Ridgecrest earthquake mainshock were 8.2 instead of 7.1, but the average slip, fault width, and shear modulus remain the same as in question 1, what would the along-strike length of the earthquake fault be in that case? (20 pts) Could it have fit within the entire state of California (note California is around 1300 km long)? Is this scenario likely? Why or why not? (5 pts) b) If the magnitude of the Ridgecrest earthquake mainshock were 8.2 instead of 7.1, and the fault width, along-strike length, and shear modulus remain the same as in question 1, what would the average slip on the earthquake fault be in that case? (10 pts) (Hint: use your answer in question 1 as the cond ition for “along strike length” in this question) Is this scenario likely, given that the largest slip inferred in the M 9 earthquake that recently hit Japan was around 50 m? Why or why not? (5 pts)
Fall 2023 GEO008 Page 3 of 4 3. A fault has an Mw 8.5 earthquake roughly every 200 years. Imagine that scientists found a way to trigger Mw 5.0 earthquakes whenever they wanted. If they wanted to release the same amount of energy as the Mw 8.5 earthquake, how many of the smaller earthquakes would they need the same 200-year time period? How often would they have to cause these earthquakes, in days? (20 pts) (In reality, scientists do NOT know how to trigger earthquakes of a specific magnitude whenever they want)
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Fall 2023 GEO008 Page 4 of 4 4. List two building characteristics that influence the resonant frequency of a building and briefly describe the effect each has on resonant frequency. (10 pts) 5. What frequency of seismic wave is likely to be most dangerous for a 30-story building? What about for a 4-story building? Show calculations. (10 pts) 6. What direction of force (i.e., horizontal or vertical) do engineers typically design buildings to withstand for better earthquake safety? Why? (5 pts)