Week 2 Study Guide

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West Coast University, Orange County *

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362

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Mechanical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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docx

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Week 2 Quiz Study Guide – Chapters 2, 5 and 9 ● labeling the parts of a cartridge, syringe and needle- What type of syringe do we use? o CARTRIDGE - pg140 Figure 9-26 ▪ diaphragm ▪ aluminum cap ▪ stopper ▪ cylindrical glass tube o SYRINGE - pg132 Figure 9-5 ▪ thumb ring ▪ spring ▪ finger grip ▪ piston with an attached ▪ harpoon ▪ guide bearing ▪ syringe barrel ▪ needle adapter o NEEDLE - pg136 Figure 9-15 ▪ needle shaf ▪ beveled tip ▪ cartridge penetrating end ▪ hub ▪ syringe adapter ▪ needle cap o WCU uses a ASPIRATING, METAL syringe// Breach syringe ● PREP strategy- Be able to name each step and give an example of a technique used in each step. o PREPARE - utilize relaxation techniques ▪ EX: focused breathing; distraction such as music, visualization, and muscle relaxation o REHEARSE procedures - allows patients to practice control + self-calming techniques o EMPOWER patients with strategies that give them control during procedures ▪ EX: raising a hand to ask the clinician to stop o PRAISE patients for using specific coping techniques that are helpful to them ● Pain tolerance, pain threshold and protective response – Are they the same? Different? How so? o PAIN TOLERANCE: the individual’s REACTION to painful stimuli o PAIN THRESHOLD: the point at which a stimulus FIRST produces a sensation of PAIN o PROTECTIVE RESPONSE: physiological reaction to the environment; protects the body from harm → rapid, reflexive, and subconscious ● Deflection- what is it? What is the relationship between needle gauge and deflection? Why is it important? o DEFLECTION: bending of the needle o LARGE gauge vs. small gauge: ▪ THICKER gauge preferred (25 g. or 27 g.) → most needle breakages are 30 g. (THINNER gauge) ▪ Less deflection ▪ Greater accuracy ▪ Aspiration ease ▪ Less chance of breakage

Week 2 Quiz Study Guide – Chapters 2, 5 and 9 ▪ Patient comfort ● Pain and Nociception – What are the five sensory modalities? What are the three types of receptors? What individual factors influence nociception? o 5 SENSORY MODALITIES: hearing, sight, touch, taste, and smell o 3 TYPES OF RECEPTORS: thermoreceptors, chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors o INDIVIDUAL FACTORS INFLUENCING NOCICEPTION : ▪ Fear and other physical conditions ▪ Injury or diseases in the body ▪ Thermal, mechanical, and chemical stimuli ● Aspiration- How is this done? Why is this done? If we get a positive, what do we do? o ASPIRATION: reduces the risk of inadvertent deposition of a drug directly into the bloodstream ▪ Once the needle is in the appropriate deposition site and before depositing solution, perform the aspiration test: ● Gently apply brief back pressure on the upper inside surface of the thumb ring → changes the pressure inside the cartridge from (+) to (-) o POSITIVE ASPIRATION = needle has entered the vessel and blood will be drawn in the cartridge. DO NOT PROCEED → may result in toxic overdose or injury o NEGATIVE ASPIRATION = no blood is drawn into the cartridge, requires no corrective action → continue with injection and deposit the indicated volume of drug ● Anesthetics we use in clinic according to color coded band – for example, red is 2% Lidocaine with epi 1:100,00 – Drug Name (generic) Trade Name Drug % Color Band Epinephrine Y/N Articaine Septocaine 4% GOLD YES Bupivacaine Marcaine 0.5% BLUE YES Lidocaine Xylocaine 2% RED YES Mepivacaine Polocaine 3% TAN no Prilocaine Citanest 4% BLACK no

Week 2 Quiz Study Guide – Chapters 2, 5 and 9 Procaine Not sold in dental carts Don’t need to know ● Anesthetic cartridge contents, integrity and disposal o CONTENTS: ▪ Vasopressor (constrictor) containing local anesthetic: ● Local anesthetic drug ● Vasopressor ● Sodium (meta) bisulfite ● Methyl paraben ● Sodium chloride - NaCl ● Distilled water o PLAIN local anesthetic ▪ Local anesthetic drug ▪ Sodium chloride - NaCl ▪ Distilled water o INTEGRITY: ▪ Cartridge protected by a polyester film label: serves as protective sleeve and surface for printing product label information ▪ Problems may include ● Excessive air bubbles ● Leaking around cap or stopper ● Distortion of stoppers ● Difficulty advancing stoppers ● Jamming of cartridge in the barrel o DISPOSAL: ▪ All EMPTY cartridges must be disposed of in SHARPS CONTAINER ▪ Cartridges with remaining drug = BLUE CONTAINER ● Steps for loading and disassembling the armamentarium LOADING: 1. Select appropriate syringe, needle, + cartridge(s) 2. Remove syringe from sterile pack + examine 3. Insert cartridge into barrel 4. Engage harpoon securely into the stopper 5. Attach needle to the syringe 6. Establish needle recapping technique 7. Confirm needle bevel orientation 8. Orient syringe to display the large window 9. Retrieve the syringe and proceed with injection DISASSEMBLING: 1. Withdraw the syringe from the oral cavity 2. Move the syringe to the recapping area

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Week 2 Quiz Study Guide – Chapters 2, 5 and 9 3. Use an appropriate one-handed Work Practice and Engineering Controls to cap the needle 4. Secure the cap to the needle hub 5. Remove the needle from the syringe + place in sharps container 6. Remove the cartridge from barrel + dispose in sharps container 7. Rinse the syringe + process for sterilization Chapter 2 pp 5-12 Chapter 5 – pp 46-69 Chapter 9 pp 129 - 144

Week 2 Quiz Study Guide – Chapters 2, 5 and 9