2_01_25_DQ_Duhaney_B

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Binghamton University *

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391

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Mechanical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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Date: 31 January 2024 To: Colin Selleck, ME 391 Instructor From: Brandon Duhaney, 2_01_ 25 Subject: Data Acquisition Introduction Data acquisition is the process of collecting, measuring, and analyzing data using various instruments, sensors in real time to collect live data over a select period of time and various conditions. In lab experiments data acquisition plays a vital role in gathering accurate and reliable data to support and verify research and results for various scientific subjects. The various components include sensors, software, and data acquisition hardware. Sensor devices capture physical or environmental factors such as pressure, temperature, and voltage. Data acquisition hardware are the instruments used to collect data, but also help convert the physical data to digital data that computers or software can process. In lab experiments data acquisition systems and software allow researchers to capture precise measurements with accuracy, monitor multiple parameters or conditions at the same time. Data acquisitions systems also allow researchers to store data for further analysis or comparison with other data. These systems can interface and communicate with several different sensors and instruments which allows the user the flexibility to collect data using different instruments. The purpose of the experiment was to become acquainted with the equipment used in the lab which was the oscilloscope and acquire real world data and analyze it using data acquisition hardware and software, specifically a thermocouple and MATLAB to write code to analyze the data. The USB-9211 Thermocouple Data Acquisition Unit was used to convert analog data to digital data. Experimental Procedure Equipment required for Experiment.  Keysight 33500 Function Generator  LabVIEW 9211 Thermocouple DAQ  Type J Thermocouple  Thermocouple Code Chart  Hot Plate  400 ml Beaker  Computer with MATLAB

1) To begin the experiment a 400ml beaker was filled with precisely 300ml of distilled water and placed onto a hot plate on its maximum setting. 2) The Thermocouple was then examined taking note of the soldered point which was the temperature sensing point. The other ends were used to connect to the NI 9211 data acquisition system. 3) The other end of the thermocouple was connected to one of the four channels of the NI 9211 specifically the TC1+ channel using the screwdriver to ensure a solid connection to the device. 4) The LabVIEW 9211 Thermocouple DAQ was then connected directly to the computer via USB. 5) Using the MathWorks NI 9211 webpage, a MATLAB program was written to collect data from the NI 9211 using Celsius as the temperature scale. Before putting the soldered thermocouple into the water, the thermocouple was put on to the lab bench to collect data for the room temperature to make sure the equipment was working properly. 6) The water was then boiling at this point and the thermocouple was briefly placed into the water and taken out trying not to touch the sides of the beaker, which was recorded to run for 60 seconds in the MATLAB and converted to excel data. Figure 1: NI 9211 DAQ Experimental Data Figure 1 is a plot of the temperature measured in Celsius and time which is measured in seconds. This is a measure of the temperature of the soldered thermocouple when it was briefly placed into the water and taken out. The temperature was measured over 60 seconds. In the beginning the temperature is higher as the thermocouple was just removed from the boiling water but as time went on the temperature decreased

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Temperature vs Time Time(seconds) Temperature (◦C) Figure 2: Thermocouple Temperature vs Time Analysis The equation for exponential decay is listed down below: − λ N = d N dt ( 1 ) By Deriving this differential equation (1) and substituting N for a function of time T yields the equation below T ( t ) =( T ¿¿ 0 − T ) e ( − 1 τ ) ( t − t 0 ) + T f ( 2 ) ¿ According to the data collected from the experiment the initial temperature that was recorded is approximately 95 ° C and the final temperature recorded was approximately 20 ° C . During the experiment the data was recorded a couple seconds after the thermocouple was removed from the boiling water which results in the initial time being 0 seconds. The time constant is calculated by observing the time it takes for the temperature to reach 36.8% of its initial value when the data was recorded. The time constant equation is as follows: T t = .368 ( T ¿¿ 0 − T )+ T f ( 3 ) ¿ τ = t 0 − t 0 ( 4 ) Using equation (4) T t is equal to 48.36, and t t is equal to 3 seconds and when these values are plugged back into the function for temperature versus time the following equation is created. T ( t ) = 95 e ( t 3 ) + 20

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Conclusion Overall, the experiment went smoothly. Besides some equipment issues involving the DAQ, the experiment went smoothly. The acquisition also could have been more accurate as there was human error when placing the thermocouple into the boiling water and removing it as the thermocouple touched the glass of the beaker which could cause some unwanted variance and error in the data. The data also could have been recorded more accurately if the MATLAB code ran at the exact time the Thermocouple was removed because of connection and lag issues in MATLAB. References [1] Brightspace Material [2] [Online]https://www.mathworks.com/help/daq/acquire-temperature-data-from-a- thermocouple.html