CE 331 L Mauriot Lab Report 9

docx

School

New Mexico State University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

331

Subject

Mechanical Engineering

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by MegaGerbil4148

CE 331 – INTRODUCTION TO FLUIDS MECHANICS AND HYDRAULICS LABORATORY Section Number: L-M02 Experiment Number: 9 Experiment: Open Channel Flow Measurement Submitted by: Louis Mauriot Submitted to: Zada Tawalbeh Date Experiment Performed: 04/06/23 Date Experiment Report Submitted: 04/13/23 Name of People Who Participated: Louis Mauriot Jarret Lee Dante Salazar John Paul Slape

Table of Contents Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 2 Objectives .................................................................................................................................................... 2 Experimental Set-Up .................................................................................................................................... 3 Diagram: Sketch of Mid-Section Method for Flow Rate Calculation .................................................... 3 Results/Data Analysis .................................................................................................................................. 4 Discussion and Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 5 Appendix ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 Image: Raw Laboratory Data ............................................................................................................... 7 References ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Graphs Graph 1: Streambed Profile Based on Water Depth and Distance Graph 2: Horizontal Velocity Profile Based on Distance and Measured Velocity Equations Equation: Flow Rate Calculation Using Mid-Section Method Sample Calculation of the Section Flow Rate Q Table Table: Spreadsheet Data with Flow Rate Calculation 1

Introduction To be able to measure the flowrate in an open channel where a large flow of water is occurring and fluctuates daily, we rely on permanent or semi-permanent gaging stations. The latter are used over flumes and weirs for their accuracy in providing data for the average daily flowrate. Data acquirement of the gage height is also important since both sets of data are usually analyzed together. Gage height usually recorded in feet is the depth of the water surface with a specific datum for reference. It is also a set of data that can be utilized to acquire the flowrate by means of preparing discharge curves for a stable channel. A gaging station consists of a benchmark, a water-level gage, fixed measuring points in the cross section of the channel and to keep the velocity meter stable when taking measurements, a stay line is also used. The latter is especially useful when the depth of water is superior to 2 feet and the velocity of the section is high. Objectives Utilizing the data collected with a velocity meter from a channel located within the vicinity of the Mesilla dam and operated by the Elephant Butte Irrigation District (EBID), the measurement and determination of the flowrate in an open channel and the comparison between velocity, water depth and width of the channel as well as the analysis of radial and sluice gates in action were the objectives of this experiment. 2

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Experimental Set-Up This lab was conducted in the fluids laboratory room only using data collected from an actual in the field experiment. For the in the field experiment, we would’ve been equipped with: - A velocity meter - A clipboard, pencil and data sheet to record the data Initially, once arrived at the open flow channel, we would’ve sought a location with the least amount of obstruction for the most accurate data collecting. Once a cross section is found, the depth of the channel is measured, and the channel is divided into cross sections. Using the velocity meter, we start recording depth data at each section established across the channel. The height of the sensor on the velocity meter required adjustment depending on the depth of the channel. Once all the depth and velocity measurements were completed and acquired, all data was analyzed. 3

Diagram: Sketch of Mid-Section Method for Flow Rate Calculation Results/Data Analysis Equation: Flow Rate Calculation Using Mid-Section Method Q n = v n × ( b n + 1 − b n − 1 2 ) ×d n Where: v n velocity at section n (ft/s) b n distance from edge at section n (ft) d n depth at section n (ft) 4

Point Distance from edge Depth Section Velocity Section Flow # xi, ft zi, ft Vi, ft/s qi, ft3/s 1 0 0 0 0 2 0.5 0.3 2.62 0.393 3 1 0.5 3.11 0.7775 4 1.5 0.7 3.47 1.2145 5 2 0.7 3.63 1.2705 6 2.5 0.8 3.76 1.504 7 3 0.8 3.35 1.34 8 3.5 0.8 3.62 1.448 9 4 0.8 3.53 1.412 10 4.5 0.7 3.65 1.2775 11 5 0.7 3.18 1.113 12 5.5 0.5 2.98 0.745 13 6 0.3 1.78 0.267 14 6.5 0 0 0 Total 12.762 Table: Spreadsheet Data with Flow Rate Calculation Graph 1: Streambed Profile Based on Water Depth and Distance 5

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Graph 2: Horizontal Velocity Profile Based on Distance and Measured Velocity Discussion and Conclusion The flowrate obtained through calculations seems reasonable. The data acquired by the velocity meter had seemed reasonable initially. This argument can also be concretized with both graphs obtained since the depth vs distance graph is an accurate representation of the actual open channel. The accuracy of our calculations and results is increased if we measure velocity and two different depths along the channel when the flow is deeper than 2.5 feet. The graph shows us that the velocity increases as the depth does and is an accurate representation of the increase of velocity with respect to depth. A radial gate, which is usually located at the top of a dam structure, has the purpose of increasing the reservoir and water captivity of the dam. It is a gate that does not require much strength to be operated. It is a type of gate that helps maintain the proper water levels. A sluice gate is a very common sub type of spillway gate. It consists of two distinct parts: one upstream and one downstream connected by the means of a hinge. Water flows through the small hole located on 6

the top edge of the upstream part into the downstream part. Then, the water flows out through a large hole located at the bottom of the downstream part. The gate is operated by releasing the water when the upstream part is lifted. The downstream part is then lowered to make sure the gap between both parts is sealed shut. Open channels are often utilized in the environmental engineering industry. More specifically, open channels are commonly used to transport wastewater between wastewater treatment plants and the environment. Flowrate in this situation is crucial knowledge for wastewater treatment plant operators to be able to predict the amount of water that will be needing treatment and the amount of discharge going back into the environment afterwards. Flowrate data is also very relevant for structures such as dams. Too much flow rate could lead to a collapse of the entire structure and potentially flood residential areas downstream from the dam. This is why the constant data acquiring of flowrate is extremely relevant for dam operators. Among other methods to measure flowrate, Manning’s equation can be used, as well as tracer dilution or flumes and weir boxes as mentioned in the introduction. Appendix Sample Calculation of the Section Flow Rate Q Q 2 = v 2 × ( b 2 + 1 − b 2 − 1 2 ) ×d 2 = v 2 × ( b 3 − b 1 2 ) ×d 2 = 2.62 × ( 1 − 0 2 ) × 0.3 = 0.393 ft 3 / s 7

Image: Raw Laboratory Data References Department of Civil Engineering. (2023, Spring). CE 331 Lab Assignment 9. Las Cruces, New Mexico: New Mexico State University. Retrieved from class website: CE_331_Lab_9_Open Channel Flow Measurement.pdf Department of Civil Engineering. (2023, Spring). CE 331 Lab Lecture 10. Las Cruces, New Mexico: New Mexico State University. Retrieved from class website: Lecture_10_OpenChannelLecture.pdf. 8

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Helbling, A. (2021, April 2). How to Measure Open Channel Flows . Tracom. https://tracomfrp.com/how- to-measure-open-channel-flows/#:~:text=How%20to%20Measure%20Open%20Channel %20Flows%201%20Timed 9