Lab 4 Series and Parallel Circuits with data

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Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Lab 3 Lab 3 College Course Title: Lab Title: Series and Parallel Circuits Student Name: Section Number: Instructor: Paul Bligdon College Credits: Paul Bligdon Page 1

Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Lab 3 Lab 3 Lab Exercise 2a Series Circuit When the resistances (components) in a hydraulic circuit are connected in such a way that only allows a single flow path from the pump through the remainder of the circuit as the fluid returns back to tank, the components are said to be connected in series with each other . The resistance created by each component in the fluids flow path accumulates creating a total resistance to flow as seen on the pressure gauge at the pump’s outlet. This pressure gauge is referred to as the system’s pressure gauge (PG main). A pressure gauges may be placed before each component and would indicate the pressure required to push the fluid through that individual component and any additional components downstream of it. The highest pressure in the circuit is always seen at the pump’s outlet. See the example illustration below: College Credits: Paul Bligdon Page 2

Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Lab 3 Lab 3 Learning Outcomes  Work in compliance with the Ontario //Health and Safety Act and the College’s Safety Standards during the performance of the lab exercise.  Follow written technical instructions to perform work tasks  Using standard ANSI symbols, sketch the schematic diagram of the lab’s hydraulic circuit  Identify that pressure is proportional to resistance downstream of the pump  Identify that the flow rate remains a constant as resistance increases in a series circuit  Identify that the flow rate in a parallel circuit divides proportional to the resistance in each leg of the circuit  Identify the hydraulic components used in both a series and parallel circuit  Using Auto Cad, draw the schematic diagram of the lab’s hydraulic circuit.  Troubleshoot circuit operation as required Procedure 1a: Setting the Relief Valve Note: The relief valve can be adjusted and set without any additional circuitry being connected on the bench 1. Ensure that the PDP panel is in the “off” position and the Emergency Stop Button is “depressed” before proceeding 2. Ensure that the Vent Shut-off Handle (yellow) is in its horizontal position. (zero pressure) 3. Turn the Relief Valves Adjustment Knob fully counter clockwise. (lowest spring setting) 4. Release the Emergency Stop Button 5. Following the learned safety procedure, turn the PNP panel’s switch to the “ON” position 6. Depress the Training Benches’ Start Push Button (|green) 7. Record the pressure indicated on the System’s Main Pressure Gauge (PGM) 0 PSI . 8. Turn the Vent Shut-off Handle (yellow) to its vertical position (maximum pressure) 9. Slowly turn the Relief Valve’s Adjusting Knob clockwise. College Credits: Paul Bligdon Page 3

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Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Lab 3 Lab 3 10. Set the relief valve to its maximum setting based on the bench’s component configuration PSI = . 11. Turn the Vent Shut-off Handle to the horizontal position 12. Record the pressure seen on PGM. 0 psi 13. Depress the Training Benches Motor Stop Button (red) 14. Depress the Emergency Stop Button 15. Turn the PDP switch to the Off position Procedure 2a: Assembling the series circuit 1. Ensure that the PDP panel is in the “off” position and the Emergency Stop Button is “depressed” before proceeding to assemble your circuit. 2. Using the ANSI schematic circuit as a guide, connect the circuit on the training bench. Remember; the Power Unit components are permanently configured and connected, therefore only the “Backboard” components beginning at the pressure manifold need to be connected by you College Credits: Paul Bligdon Page 4 Orifice 2 PG 3 FM 1 Orifice 1 PG 2 PG 1 1500 psi 4 gpm

Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Lab 3 Lab 3 Procedure 3a: Series circuit operation 1. Ensure that the Vent handle is in the passing position. (horizontal) 2. Turn both Adjustable Orifices ( orifice 1 and 2) completely passing( counter clockwise) 3. Turn the PDP panel switch to the “On” position. 4. “Release” the Emergency Stop Button. 5. Depress the Motor Start Button 6. Turn the Vent Handle to the vertical position 7. Turn the appropriate Adjustable Orifices until the various pressures are indicated on the pressure gauges as illustrated in the table below 8. Record all other data observed into the table under the appropriate headings. Note: The BULLET (•) indicates which adjustable orifice to turn for each data column. FP means fully passing (open) and NP is non- passing. (closed) Same means leave setting at previous setting. Pump Delivery (gpm) Orifice 1 Orifice 2 Flow Meter (gpm) PG M (psi) PG 1 (psi) PG 2 (psi) Relief Valve (calculated) (gpm) 4 FP FP 400 300 215 4 FP • 400 300 215 4 FP • 600 500 429 4 • Same 800 660 600 4 • Same 1000 760 695 9. Turn the Vent handle to the passing position (horizontal) 10. Depress the Motor’s stop pushbutton. 11. Depress the Emergency stop pushbutton 12. Turn the PDP switch to the “Off” position 13. Disconnect your hydraulic circuit and place the hoses on the rack. College Credits: Paul Bligdon Page 5

Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Lab 3 Lab 3 Lab Exercise 2b Parallel Circuit An inherent characteristic of liquids is that they always take the path of least resistance. Thus when two or more alternative flow paths are available for the fluid to return to tank, pressure will only build up to the pressure required to push the fluid through the path of least resistance. If two on more flow paths have equal resistance to flow then the fluid would divide equally through each path. In a parallel circuit the flow always divides based on the resistance in each path. See the illustration below: College Credits: Paul Bligdon Page 6

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Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Lab 3 Lab 3 Procedure 1b: Assembling the parallel circuit 1. Ensure that the PDP panel is in the “off” position and the Emergency stop button is “depressed” before proceeding to assemble your circuit. 2. Using the ANSI schematic circuit as a guide, connect the circuit on the training bench. Remember; the Power Unit components are permanently configured and connected, therefore only the “Backboard” components beginning with the pressure manifold need to be connected by you. College Credits: Paul Bligdon Page 7 FM 2 Orifice 2 Orifice 1 FM 1 PG 2 PG 1 PG 3 1500 psi 4 gpm

Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Lab 3 Lab 3 Procedure 2b: Parallel circuit operation Turn the appropriate Adjustable Orifices until the various flow rates are indicated on the flow meters as illustrated in the table below. Record all other data observed into the table under the appropriate headings. Note: The BULLET (•) indicates which adjustable orifice to turn for each data column. FP means fully passing (open) and NP is non- passing. (closed) Same means leave setting at previous setting Pump Delivery (gpm) Orifice 1 Orifice 2 PGM (psi) PG 1 (psi) PG 2 (psi) Flow Meter 1 (gpm) Flow Meter 2 (gpm) Relief Valve (calculated) (gpm) 4 FP FP 150 0 22 2.75 1.5 4 FP • 175 0 44 3.5 1 4 • FP 250 0 75 1 3 4 • • 750 0 45 2 2 4 NP NP 150 0 0 0 0 0 4. Turn the Vent handle to the passing position (horizontal) 5. Depress the Motor’s stop pushbutton. 6. Depress the Emergency stop pushbutton 7. Turn the PDP switch to the “Off” position 8. Disconnect your hydraulic circuit and place the hoses on the rack College Credits: Paul Bligdon Page 8

Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Lab 3 Lab 3 Summary  Pressure increases as resistance to flow increases  In a series circuit, pressure is equal to the resistance of flow downstream  In a series circuit, the resistance to flow hence the pressure is equal to the accumulation of resistance between a point and the tank  Flow Rate in a series circuit is equal in all portions of the circuit  When there is flow through a component, a pressure differential from inlet to outlet is created. This differential pressure across components is know as a “pressure drop”  Flow divides in the various legs of a parallel circuit based resistance  The pressure drop across each leg of a parallel circuit are equal Integrate the Concepts How is the hydraulic system’s relief valve connected in the circuit. Submission Requirements Your Submission should only include the following : a. Scranton Card Review Questions 1 to 7… (7 marks) b. Lab Cover Page c. Pencil ANSI Circuit Schematic Drawing of each circuit…(3 marks) d. Auto Cad drawing of each circuit College Credits: Paul Bligdon Page 9

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Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Lab 3 Lab 3 Review Questions 1. What hydraulic component creates flow in the hydraulic circuit? a. Prime mover. b. Pump c. Adjustable orifice. d. Check Valve 2. What property of hydraulic fluid allows the creation of pressure within the fluid? a. Lubrication b. Viscosity c. Non Compressibility d. Oxidation Inhibitors 3. In a Series Circuit, the Flow Rate (gallons per minute) throughout the circuit: a. Increases as resistance increases b. Decreases as resistance increases c. Remains the same throughout the circuit d. Increase or decreases as velocity changes 4. Pump’s delivery (flow rate) in all hydraulic circuits is measured using what component? a. Flow Control Valve b. Pressure Gauge c. Flow Meter d. Vacuum Gauge 5. What statement describes the characteristics of fluid when flowing through an orifice which is connected in a series with other components a. Flow rate remains the same but fluid velocity may change b. Pressure at the inlet to the orifice is always greater than pressure at its outlet c. Pressure at the inlet of the orifice is determined by the resistance to flow of the orifice d. All of the above 6. Hydraulic fluid will: a. Will always flow in the part of the circuit with the highest resistance b. Will always divide based on the resistance c. Will only flow through components connected in parallel d. Will only flow through components connected in series 7. The relief valve is always connected in with the pump. a. In series b. In parallel c. In either series or parallel d. All of the above College Credits: Paul Bligdon Page 10