SPIES PHY LAB 8

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Mohave Community College *

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PHY111

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Mechanical Engineering

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Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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Module 8 Lab Activity: Collision Lab PhET Simulation Lab Link: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/collision-lab Instructions Once the simulation opens up, click on Advanced tab (top-left). Then check 1 Dimension in the green box. At the bottom, c lick on “More Data” to expand the data table. Notice that you can change any of the data points shown in the table. Scenario #1: 100% Elastic collision between balls of equal masses Question: Before you start, make a hypothesis about initial and final momentums before playing with the sim. It’s okay if your hypothesis turns out to be wrong! Expand space below as necessary. I think the initial momentum of the balls of equal mass would be that they start from the same approximate area, like in the middle. I think the final momentum of the balls of equal mass is that they will be in similar areas at the end? Or close to one another. Instructions: Complete the following data tables for each ball before and after each trial. Perform 2 trials with 2 different sets of balls of equal masses. Trial 1 Before Sim Ball Mass (kg) Velocity (m/s) Momentum (kg*m/s) 1 0.5 kg Vx = 1 Vy = 0 0.5 2 0.5 kg Vx = -0.5 Vx = 0 -0.25 Total 1 kg 0.5 0.25 Trial 1 After Sim Ball Mass (kg) Velocity (m/s) Momentum (kg*m/s)

1 0.5 kg Vx = -0.5 Vy = 0 -0.25 2 0.5 kg Vx = -1.0 Vx = 0 -0.50 Total 1 kg -1.5 -0.75 Trial 2 Before Sim Ball Mass (kg) Velocity (m/s) Momentum (kg*m/s) 1 1 kg Vx = 1 Vy = 0 0.5 2 1 kg Vx = -0.5 Vx = 0 -0.25 Total 2 kg 0.5 0.25 Trial 2 After Sim Ball Mass (kg) Velocity (m/s) Momentum (kg*m/s) 1 1 kg Vx = -0.5 Vy = 0 -0.5 2 1 kg Vx = 1.0 Vx = 0 1.0 Total 2 kg 0.5 0.5 Hypothesis accepted or rejected? While collecting data, I noticed that every time the balls hit (bounce back) on one another the next time they hit the wall, the momentum always changes. Momentum is the quantity of motion of a moving body that is measured by its product of mass and velocity. I also noticed that the Vx always changed as well once the balls hit each other or even the wall. The relationship between the initial and final total momentum is that they both will not be at rest after they both hit each other (collided). Also, when collecting data, the momentum was never zero at the beginning of the test. It always varied depending on the mass of the balls. The motion of the balls before and after the collision was that when collecting data from the

mass of 0.5kg balls, I noticed that the red ball (ball 1) was moving faster towards the green ball, (ball 2) than the green was moving towards the red. Once they collided, the green ball was moving at a faster speed than the red and was nearly catching up to the red ball that was going its opposite direction. This is the same for all the other masses of data I had previously collected above. Scenario #2: 100% Elastic collision between balls of unequal masses Question: Before you start, make a hypothesis about initial and final momentums before playing with the sim. It’s okay if your hypothesis turns out to be wrong! Expand space below as necessary. Since now the masses are unequal, I hypothesize that the initial momentum will also be different but not zero, and the final momentum will be different from one another as well. Complete the following data tables for each ball before and after each trial. Perform 2 trials with 2 different sets of balls of unequal masses. Trial 1 Before Sim Ball Mass (kg) Velocity (m/s) Momentum (kg*m/s) 1 0.5 kg Vx = -1.0 Vy = 0 0.5 2 1 kg Vx = -0.5 Vx = 0 -0.5 Total 1.5 kg -1.5 0 Trial 1 After Sim Ball Mass (kg) Velocity (m/s) Momentum (kg*m/s) 1 0.5 kg Vx = -1.0 Vy = 0 -0.5 2 1 kg Vx = -0.5 Vx = 0 -0.5 Total 1.5 kg -1.5 -1.0 Trial 2 Before Sim Ball Mass (kg) Velocity (m/s) Momentum (kg*m/s)

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1 1 kg Vx = -1.0 Vy = 0 1.0 2 2 kg Vx = -0.5 Vx = 0 -1.0 Total 3 kg -1.5 0 Trial 2 After Sim Ball Mass (kg) Velocity (m/s) Momentum (kg*m/s) 1 1 kg Vx = -1.0 Vy = 0 -1.0 2 2 kg Vx = -0.5 Vx = 0 -1.0 Total 3 kg -1.5 -2.0 Hypothesis accepted or rejected? After collecting this data, I was right about the initial and final momentum not being the same. 3. What is the relationship between the initial and final total momentums in Scenario 1? In Scenario 2? In all the tests, the momentum came out a different number than before. While collecting this data, I noticed that the smaller the ball was the faster it will be. All the data completed are collections of elastic collisions since they bounce back from one another and don’t stick to one another or lose kinetic energy. 4. Describe the motion of the balls before and after the collision in Scenario 1. Describe the motion of the balls before and after the collision in Scenario 2. The motions of the balls after the collision were that the smaller the mass of the ball, the faster it would move. The smaller ball would collide with the bigger ball more than the bigger ball would collide with the red ball. Since it moves more slowly the weight is impacting its speed. It's like they feed energy off one another since the final momentum is completely different from its initial momentum. Scenario #3: Create one more scenario in 1-d for a totally inelastic collision (0% elasticity.) Fill out the data tables, and make a hypothesis whether or not the collision will follow

conservation of momentum. Collect some data and prove or disprove your hypothesis. Elasticity 0%: Hypothesis : Before you start, make a hypothesis about initial and final momentums before playing with the sim. It is okay if your hypothesis turns out to be wrong! I do not think I can try to create one totally inelastic collision, but I will do my best and I do not think that these scenarios will conserve momentum because looking back at my other data, none of them did. Before Sim Ball Mass (kg) Velocity (m/s) Momentum (kg*m/s) 1 1 kg Vx = 1 Vy = 0 1.o 2 3 kg Vx = -0.5 Vx = 0 -1.5 Total 4 kg 0.5 0.5 After Sim Ball Mass (kg) Velocity (m/s) Momentum (kg*m/s) 1 1 kg Vx = -1.25 Vy = 0 -1.25 2 3 kg Vx = 0.25 Vx = 0 0.75 Total 4 kg -1.0 -0.5 Hypothesis accepted or rejected? My hypothesis was correct that there was no conservation of momentum since they all changed and were not the same at the end. It was hard to try to make it totally inelastic since the balls were not even close to sticking to one another. Summary In of 3-4 sentences, describe the main ideas learned in this activity regarding initial and final total momentum in these collisions. The main ideas learned regarding initial kinetic energy is that when the balls collide, some fraction of that energy is being converted into something else, some other form of energy. I think it was energy during the collision or

heat energy. But this would be inelastic collisions occurring. The initial and final momentum is that two objects will come at each other with either equal or opposite momentums and then diverge onto the opposite sides just exactly like how the balls were doing with equal or opposite momentums at the final. The data I was collecting, the initial and final momentums were not the same but opposite. The center of mass will also be conserved since the energy and momentum were conserved in the small rectangle with the 2 balls.

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