2379-sample-final

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MAT 2379B Sample Final Exam Professor Xiao Liang Time: 3 hours Student Number: Seat Number: Family Name: First Name: Cellular phones, smart watches, unauthorized electronic devices, or course notes are not allowed during this exam. Phones and devices must be turned off and put away in your bag. Do not keep them in your possession, such as in your pockets. If caught with such a device or document, the following may occur: academic fraud allegations will be filed which may result in you obtaining a 0 (zero) for the exam. By signing below, you acknowledge that you have ensured that you are complying with the above statement. Signature: ******************************************************************************************** This is a closed book examination. A formula sheet and some statistical tables will be distributed with your exam. Only Faculty standard calculators are permitted: TI30, TI34, Casio fx-260, Casio fx-300. The exam consists of 13 multiple choice questions and 6 long answer questions. Each multiple choice question is worth 5 marks and each long answer question is worth 10 marks. The total number of marks is 125. NOTE: At the end of the examination, hand in the entire booklet. You can keep the formula sheet and the tables. ******************************************************************************************** For professor’s use: Number of marks Total for all MC Questions Long Answer Question 1 Long Answer Question 2 Long Answer Question 3 Long Answer Question 4 Long Answer Question 5 Long Answer Question 6 Total 1
Part 1: Multiple Choice Questions Record your answer to the multiple choice questions in the table below: Question Answer Question Answer 1 8 2 9 3 10 4 11 5 12 6 13 7 1. The Bacillus Calmette-Gu´ erin (BCG) vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) is mandatory for school-age children in many European countries. In Canada, before BCG vaccination, the patient is tested for TB using a tuberculin skin test, called the Mantoux test. People who have been BCG vaccinated will often have a positive Mantoux test result, although they many not have TB. Therefore, the Mantoux test is not a very efficient tool for detecting TB. In a recent study, 12% of the subjects had a positive Mantoux test result. Among those with a positive test result, only 10% had TB. On the other hand, 1% of the patients with a negative test result also had TB. What was the percentage of patients with TB in this study? A) 1.10% B) 2.08% C) 0.88% D) 1.20% E) 13.03% 2. The intraocular pressure is the fluid pressure inside the eye. Glaucoma is an eye disease that is manifested by high intraocular pressure. The distribution of intraocular pressure in the general population is approximately normal with mean 16 mm Hg and standard deviation 3 mm Hg. The normal range for intraocular pressure is considered to be between 12 mm Hg and 20 mm Hg (including these values). Which one of the following commands in R gives the probability that a randomly chosen person has normal intraocular pressure? (Only one answer is correct.) A) qnorm(20,16,3)-qnorm(12,16,3) B) pnorm(20,3,16)-pnorm(12,3,16) C) pnorm(20,16,3)-pnorm(12,16,3) D) pnorm(20,16,3)-pnorm(11,16,3) E) pnorm(20,16,9)-pnorm(12,16,9) 3. Aboriginal people in Canada have a higher risk of developing many chronic diseases compared with the rest of the population. In a particular Aboriginal community, 16% of the population has tuber- culosis, 20% have diabetes and 8% have both diseases. What is the probability that a randomly selected individual in this community does not have either one of the two diseases? A) 0.72 B) 0.28 C) 0.64 D) 0.85 E) 0.90 2
4. In biochemistry and pharmacology, a receptor is a protein molecule usually found embedded within the plasma membrane surface of a cell that receives chemical signals from outside the cell. A sam- ple of 109 cells was found to contain an average of 1203 fmol receptors per milligram of membrane protein, with standard deviation 192 fmol. (An fmol is equal to 10 - 15 moles.) Using this data, give a 95% confidence interval for the average amount (in fmols) of receptors per milligram found in the membrane protein of these cells. A) [1077 . 31; 1329 . 72] B) [1153 . 83; 1252 . 21] C) [0; 1322 . 82] D) [1166 . 96; 1239 . 05] E) [1098 . 13; 1308 . 95] 5. The following data gives the birth weights (in ounces) for 6 consecutive deliveries at the Civic Hospital. Assuming that the birth weights follow a normal distribution, find a 90% confidence interval for the average birth weight μ . 97 117 140 78 99 148 A) [91 . 0; 135 . 4] B) [84 . 8; 141 . 5] C) [91 . 6; 134 . 8] D) [95 . 0; 131 . 3] E) [92 . 3; 133 . 6] 6. The Younger Dryas Cold Event (or the “Big Freeze”) was an abrupt cooling event of the Northern Hemisphere which occurred approximately 12,000 years ago, and might have resulted from a slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). The most common means of slowing the AMOC involves the reduction of oceanic surface water density via an increase in freshwater discharge to the North Atlantic. To predict if such an event might happen again, the density of the ocean water near surface is closely monitored. We collected 79 measurements of the density of the Atlantic ocean water near surface (in kg /m 3 ), at a latitude of 45 degrees north. For this data, the mean is 1026, the median 1006, the first quartile is 948.1, the third quartile is 1122, and the standard deviation 109.61. The picture below gives the QQ-plot for this data, together with the line of best fit, produced using R: Which one of the following statements is correct? (Only one statement is correct.) 3
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A) The fitted line for the QQ plot is y = 1006 + 109 . 61 z B) The fitted line for the QQ plot is y = 109 . 61 + 1006 z C) The fitted line for the QQ plot is y = 1026 + 109 . 61 z D) The fitted line for the QQ plot is y = 109 . 61 + 1122 z E) The distribution of the water density does not appear to be normally distributed, so we cannot find a fitted line for the normal QQ plot. 7. The following data gives the number of deadly bear attacks in North America per decade, for the 9 decades between 1900 and 1989: 2 , 1 , 4 , 8 , 6 , 9 , 9 , 19 , 20 . Calculate the mean and standard deviation for the number of deadly bear attacks in North America per decade. A) The mean is 8.667 and the standard deviation is 5.6505. B) The mean is 8.0 and the standard deviation is 19.0. C) The mean is 8.0 and the standard deviation is 5.0. D) The mean is 8.667 and the standard deviation is 46.0. E) The mean is 8.667 and the standard deviation is 6.7823. 8. 20% of the trees in a certain forest are maple trees. In this forest, 15% of the maple trees are mature trees, with age between 10 and 15 years. We select randomly a tree in this forest. What is the probability that this is a maple tree with age between 10 and 15 years? A) 0.03 B) 0.15 C) 0.20 D) 0.75 E) 0.175 9. The boxplots below show the effects of different sugars on the growth of pea sections grown in tissue culture, measured in ocular units. (An ocular unit is 0.114 cm.) In experiment A, 2% of glucose was added to the culture. In experiment B, 2% of sucrose was added to the culture. In experiment C, 1% of glucose and 2% of fructose was added to the culture. Finally, in experiment D, 1% of fructose was added to the culture. A B C D 56 58 60 62 64 66 Experiment Growth in ocular units 4
Which one of the following statements is correct? (Only one statement is correct.) A) The median growth in experiments C and D is the same. B) The data in experiments A and C have the same inter-quartile range. C) There are outliers in the data of experiments A, C and D, but not in experiment B. D) The distribution of the data in experiment B is approximately symmetric. E) Experiment B has produced the smallest growth. 10. One of the objectives of a study is to describe the distribution of the body mass index (BMI) for women whose age is between 20 and 29 years. Suppose that women in this age group have an average BMI of 26.8 with a standard deviation of 7.42. Consider a random sample of 50 women in this age group. Give an approximation for the probability that the average BMI for these 50 women is greater than 29. A) 0.0179 B) 0.9821 C) 0.6179 D) 0.3821 E) 0.0375 11. A pharmaceutical company is testing a new analgesic (medication for pain relief) on a sample of 6 patients suffering from migraine. Among these, 4 patients reported that their migraines disap- peared after using the drug. However, it is known that 20% of migraines disappear anyways without any treatment. What is the probability that in a sample of 6 patients suffering from migraine, the migraines will disappear without any treatment for exactly 4 them? A) 0.0016 B) 0.2534 C) 0.3523 D) 0.0154 E) 0.9992 12. The plant-water relation plays an important role in plant physiology. We consider an experiment in which 16 seedlings of birch tree were flooded with water for one day and 13 other seedlings were kept as controls. At the end of the experiment, the roots of all plants were analyzed for the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), as a measure for the intracellular energy transfer. Below is the summary of the data: flooded plants control plants sample size n 1 = 16 n 2 = 13 sample mean ¯ x 1 = 1 . 17 ¯ x 2 = 1 . 91 sample standard deviation s 1 = 0 . 16 s 2 = 0 . 23 Give a 90% confidence interval for the difference μ 1 - μ 2 , where μ 1 is the average ATP level for the flooded plants and μ 2 is the average ATP level for the controls. Based on this interval, can we conclude that flooding causes a decrease or an increase in the ATP level? (Assume that the ATP levels for flooded plants and controls are normally distributed with equal variances.) A) [0.5673; 0.7614]; flooding causes an increase in the mean ATP level B) [0.4532; 0.6719]; flooding causes an increase in the mean ATP level C) [-0.6182; -0.4820]; flooding causes a decrease in the mean ATP level D) [-0.8635; -0.6165]; flooding causes a decrease in the mean ATP level E) [-0.0346; 0.3471]; we cannot conclude that flooding causes a decrease or an increase in the mean ATP level 5
13. The systolic blood pressure level in a certain population is approximately equal to the value 125 mm Hg. A topic of recent clinical interest is the fact that extensive use of oral contraceptive (OC) may cause a reduction in the systolic blood pressure under the value 125 . A study is organized to test this hypothesis. The n women who participated in this study used OC for a period of 3 months. At the end of the study, their systolic blood pressure was measured. This data has a sample mean 120.4 and sample standard deviation 13.23. What was the number n of participants in this study? A) 12 B) 40 C) 10 D) 32 E) 25 Long answer questions are included on the following pages. 6
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Part 2: Long Answer Questions Record your answer to the long answer questions in the space provided below, specifying clearly your notation and including a proper justification. Show the details of your calculations. 1. The average length of human gestation is approximately 40.5 weeks. It is thought that maternal diabetes may influence the length of the gestation. In a study consisting of 20 diabetic pregnant women, it was found that the mean gestation period was 38.8 weeks with a standard deviation of 5 weeks. We would like to gain evidence that the length of gestation in diabetic women is significantly different than the value of 40.5 weeks, using a test of hypotheses. a) (2 marks) Set-up the test hypotheses to gain evidence for this claim. b) (4 marks) Calculate the observed value of the test. c) (4 marks) Report the range of the p -value. d) (2 marks) Give the conclusion of the test at level α = 0 . 05 . 7
2. A study was conducted to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of a new procedure for detecting the presence of a kidney disease among patients suffering from hypertension. Among the 54 hyper- tensive patients who had the kidney disease, the procedure identified the disease for 45 subjects. Among the 83 hypertensive patients who did not have the kidney disease, the procedure identified the disease for 24 subjects. Consider a patient chosen from a certain hypertensive population in which the prevalence of this kidney disease is 8%. Assume that the sensitivity and specificity of the procedure remain the same as in the study mentioned above. a) (5 marks) What is the probability of obtaining a positive test result? b) (5 marks) If the new procedure identifies the presence of the kidney disease for this patient, what is the probability that patient truly has the disease? 8
3. Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. It is thought that fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are natural Ebola virus hosts. The virus is introduced into the human population through close contact with bodily fluids of infected animals. The incubation period (the time interval from infection with the virus to onset of symptoms) is between 2 to 21 days. The following data gives the incubation period (in days) for 16 patients infected with the Ebola virus: 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 9 11 12 13 15 15 17 20 21 a) (5 marks) Calculate the median ( ˜ x ), first quartile ( q 1 ) and third quartile ( q 3 ) for this data set. b) (5 marks) Give the values of the outliers (if they exist). 9
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4. In the Unites States, the blood types have the following distribution: 41% O, 31% A, 22% B and 6% AB. It is known that O is a universal donor, A can donate only to A and AB, B can donate only to B and AB, and AB can donate only to AB. If a patient who needs a blood transfusion receives blood from a randomly selected donor, and the two persons are independent of each other, what is the probability that the transfusion is successful? 10
5. Approximately 4% of men with age between 40 and 55 years will have a heart attack in a 5-year period. A new drug was developed to reduce the probability of having a heart attack for men in this age group. A 5-year study was conducted involving men in this age group who have been treated with the new drug. Among the 2046 participants in the study, 56 had a heart attack within the 5-year period. Let p be the proportion of men in the age group 40-55 using this drug who will have a heart attack. a) (5 marks) Give a 95% confidence interval (c.i.) for p . Using this interval, can we conclude that the new drug is efficient in reducing the risk of having a heart attack for men in this age group? b) (5 marks) Formulate a null hypothesis H 0 and an alternative hypothesis H 1 which could be used for testing that the new drug is efficient in reducing the risk of having a heart attack for men in this age group. Calculate the p -value of this test and report the conclusion at level α = 0 . 05 . 11
6. A study is conducted to investigate the relationship between the number X of hours of exercise per week and the systolic blood pressure Y for men of age 50. The following data was obtained on 10 individuals: Individual Number of hours x i Systolic blood pressure y i x 2 i y 2 i x i y i 1 4 120 16 14400 480 2 10 110 100 12100 1100 3 2 120 4 14400 240 4 3 135 9 18225 405 5 3 140 9 19600 420 6 5 115 25 13225 575 7 1 150 1 22500 150 8 2 165 4 27225 330 9 2 160 4 25600 320 10 0 180 0 32400 0 Total 32 1395 172 199675 4020 a) (4 marks) Calculate the sample covariance and sample correlation between the number of hours of exercise and the systolic blood pressure. b) (4 marks) Give the equation of the estimated regression line for this data. c) (2 marks) Give a prediction for the systolic blood pressure of an individual who exercises 6 hours per week. 12
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