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Test I Practice September, 2023 MATH 308 Di ff erential Equations Dr. Minchul Kang Texas A&M University | Department of Mathematics | 335B Blocker Building | College Station | TX 77840 | grcorg@tamu.edu Direction Do not turn to the next page until instructed. Please turn o ff all mobile phones, calculators, and other electronic device, and stow those away in your bags. Print your name and UIN below. Your desk may only contain pens, pencils, erasers, and student IDs during the test. No calculators, no notes, no formula sheets, no extra scratch paper are allowed. In part I (Multiple choice questions), print your answer clearly and legibly in the box provided. In part II (Short answer questions), ensure that your final response is typed clearly and legibly in the provided answer box. In part III (Work out questions), show your work to earn credits for work out problems: merely having final answers does not su ffi ce. There are 14 pages in this test set, including a scratch paper on the last page. Carefully separate the scratch paper from the test booklet. Do not turn in this scratch paper. Any work shown on the scratch paper will neither be accepted nor graded. Name UIN Section 507 , 515 Last name Fist name THE AGGIE HONOR CODE "An Aggie does not lie, cheat, or steal or tolerate those who do.” Signature: Test I Practice| MATH 308 Di ff erential Equations [1/14]
Part I. Multiple choice Print your answer clearly and legibly in the box provided. ( 6 problems 3 points ) Problem 1. Find di ff erential equation of the slope field. A . y Õ = 1 + y B . y Õ = x + y * C . y Õ = x y D . y Õ = y x E . None of above Problem 2. Which statement is true for solutions of the di ff erential equation? A . For x < 0 all solutions are decreasing B . lim x æŒ f ( x ) = 0 for all solutions f ( x ) C . For y < 0 all solutions are increasing D . y Õ = 0 for y = 0 * E . None of above Problem 3. Find the order of x 3 y ÕÕ + x 4 ( y Õ ) 3 + xy 5 = 0 A . 1 B . 2 * C . 3 D . 4 Problem 4. Which of the following initial value prob- lems may not have the unique solution? A . y Õ = x 2 y 2 ; y (0) = 0 B . y Õ = xy 2 ; y (0) = 0 C . y Õ = xy ; y (0) = 0 D . y Õ = x Ô x ; y (0) = 0 * E . None of above Problem 5. Which of the following di ff erential equa- tions is nonlinear PDE? A . y Õ = x 2 + x 2 y 2 B . yy Õ = sin( x 2 + 1) C . cos( x 2 + y 2 ) u xx = u xy + u D . uu t + tu x = u E . None of above Test I Practice| MATH 308 Di ff erential Equations [2/14]
Problem 6. Solve y Õ = x y A . y = x + C B . y = Ô x 2 + C * C . y = Cx 2 D . y = x ln | y | + C E . Doesn’t not exist Problem 7. Find a separable first-order di ff erential equation A . y Õ + e x y 2 = x 2 y 2 * B . y + e x sin x = x 3 y Õ C . y ln x x 2 y = xy Õ * D . y Õ + cos y = tan x E . Doesn’t not exist Problem 8. Which of followings is an exact di ff erential equation? A . ydx xdy = 0 B . (2 x y ) dx + ( y 2 x ) dy = 0 C . (2 x y ) dx + ( x 2 y ) dy = 0 D . (2 x y ) dx + (2 y x ) dy = 0 * E . None of above Problem 9. Which of followings can be solved by y = ux substitution? A . ( x + y 2 ) dx + ( x + y 2 ) dy = 0 B . ( x 2 1) dx + ( y 2 2 x ) dy = 0 C . ( x 2 xy ) dx + (2 xy y 2 ) dy = 0 * D . ( xy y 2 ) dx + ( y 2 1) dy = 0 E . None of above Problem 10. Which of followings equations has a so- lution x sin y = 2 ? A . sin ydy + xdx = 0 B . sin ydy + xdx = 2 C . sin y dx + x cos ydy = 0 * D . sin y dx + x cos ydy = 2 E . None of above Problem 11. What is a possible substitution to solve y Õ = Ô 2 x + y + 1 A . y = ux B . u = y 1 2 C . u = 2 x + y * D . u = Ô 2 x + y E . None of above Test I Practice| MATH 308 Di ff erential Equations [3/14] M m
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Problem 12. What is a possible substitution to solve 2 yy Õ + 3 = y 2 + 3 x A . y = ux B . u = y 2 C . u = y 2 * D . u = y 2 + 3 x E . None of above Problem 13. Find an integrating factor that converts the following di ff erential equation to exact form dy ! x + y x " dx = 0 A . e x B . e x C . x D . 1 /x * E . None of above Problem 14. Find the Wronskian of 1 t and 1 + t A . 1 B . t C . 2 * D . 2 t E . None of above Part II. Short answer Write your answer clearly and legibly in the box provided. ( 7 problems 8 points ) Problem 15. If y = e 2 t is a solution to the di ff erential equation y ÕÕ 5 y Õ + ky = 0 , find the value of the constant k . [Answer] k = 6 y ÕÕ 5 y Õ + ky =4 e 2 t 10 e 2 t + ke 2 t =( k 6) e 2 t =0 Therefore, k = 6 Problem 16. The function y = x 2 + x 2 is a solution of equation: xy Õ + 2 y = kx 2 , ( k œ R , x > 0 ). Find the constant k . [Answer] k = 4 y Õ + 2 x y = kx I.F. = x 2 ( x 2 y ) Õ = kx 3 x 2 y = k 4 x 4 + C y = k 4 x 2 + Cx 2 Test I Practice| MATH 308 Di ff erential Equations [4/14] Mo g ae see
Problem 17. In problems below, (a) identify the in- dependent variable and the dependent variable of each equation (b) give the order of each di ff erential equation and (c) state whether the equation is linear or nonlinear. If your answer to (c) is nonlinear, make sure that you can explain why this is true. 1. y ÕÕ y + t 2 = 0 2. t 2 y ÕÕ + ty Õ + 2 y = sin y 3. sin xy ÕÕÕ + ( y Õ ) 4 + e x = 1 [Answer] 1 2 3 independent variable dependent variable order linear/ nonlinear why? [Show your work here.] 1. y ÕÕ y + t 2 = 0 Linear 2nd order. Indep. var = t , Dep. var. = y 2. t 2 y ÕÕ + ty Õ + 2 y = sin y Nonlinear 2nd order. Indep. var = t , Dep. var. = y 3. sin xy ÕÕÕ + ( y Õ ) 4 + e x = 1 Nonlinear 3rd order. Indep. var = x , Dep. var. = y For the next problems on 1st order ODE, choose the equation category from 2nd order linear w/ constant coe ffi cients Bernoulli’s equation Cauchy-Euler equation Exact (w/ or w/o integration factor) Homogeneous with degree zero Integrable Linear 1st order Linear composite Separable Choose the solution method from Characteristic equation Direct integration Integrating factor Partial integrations Separation of variables Substitution u = ax + by + c Substitution u = y k Substitution y = ux Test I Practice| MATH 308 Di ff erential Equations [5/14] Mid
Problem 18. Solve (1 + x ) dy ydx = 0 , y (1) = 2 Category: Method: Solution: Separable DE Separation of variables dy dx = y 1 + x ( x = 0) 1 y dy = 1 1 + x dx 1 y dy = 1 1 + x dx ln | y | = ln | x + 1 | + C ln | y | | x + 1 | = C y = C ( x + 1) From y (1) = 2 , C = 1 . y = ( x + 1) Problem 19. Solve ( e 2 y y ) cos x dy dx = 2 e y sin 2 x, y (0) = 0 . Category: Method: Solution: [Show your work here.] Separable DE Separation of variables By a double angle formula, sin 2 x = 2 sin x cos x . Hence, ( e 2 y y ) cos x dy dx =4 e y sin x cos x e 2 y y e y dy =4 sin xdx (cos x = 0) ( e y ye y ) dy =4 sin xdx e y ( ye y e y ) = 4 cos x + C e y + ( y + 1) e y = 4 cos x + C From y (0) = 0 , e 0 + (0 + 1) e 0 = 4 cos 0 + C 2 = 4 + C C =6 Therefore, the solution is e y + ( y + 1) e y = 4 cos x + 6 where x = (2 n +1) 2 fi for n œ Z . Test I Practice| MATH 308 Di ff erential Equations [6/14] messed
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Problem 20. Find the general solution of ( x 2 9) y Õ + xy = 0 . Category: Method: Solution: [Show your work here.] Separable DE Separation of variables ( x 2 9) dy dx = xy 1 y dy = x x 2 9 dx ( x = ± 3) 1 y dy = x x 2 9 dx u sub: u = x 2 9 xdx = 1 2 du ln | y | = 1 2 1 u du ln | y | = 1 2 ln | u | + C ln | y | = ln | x 2 9 | 1 2 + C | y | = e c Ô x 2 9 ( > 0) y = C Ô x 2 9 Problem 21. Solve x dy dx 4 y = x 6 e x Category: Method: Solution: [Show your work here.] Linear 1st order DE. In normal form, dy dx 4 x y = x 5 e x ( x = 0) Integration factor (I.F.) is exp 3⁄ 4 x dx 4 = exp( 4 ln | x | ) = exp 3 ln 1 | x | 4 4 = 1 x 4 ( * x 4 Ø 0) By multiplying the I.F. on both sides 3 1 x 4 y 4 Õ = xe x 1 x 4 y = xe x e x + C ( By IBP ) y = x 4 ( x 1) e x + Cx 4 Test I Practice| MATH 308 Di ff erential Equations [7/14] today
Problem 22. Solve the initial-value problem y Õ 2 xy = 2 , y (0) = 1 . Category: Method: Solution: [Show your work here.] Linear 1st order DE. Integrating factor An integration factor (I.F.) is exp 3⁄ 2 xdx 4 = exp( x 2 ) By multiplying the I.F. on both sides 1 e x 2 y 2 Õ =2 e x 2 e x 2 y =2 erf ( x ) + C y =2 e x 2 erf ( x ) + Ce x 2 From y (0) = 1 , 1 =2 e 0 erf (0) + Ce 0 2 =0 + C C =1 Therefore, y = 2 e x 2 erf ( x ) + e x 2 Problem 23. Solve 2 xydx + ( x 2 1) dy = 0 Category: Method: Solution: [Show your work here.] Separable DE Separation of variables 2 xydx = ( x 2 1) dy 1 y dy = 2 x x 2 1 dx ( x = 1) ln | y | = ln | x 2 1 | + C | y | = e C | x 2 1 | ( Ø 0) y = C | x 2 1 | y = ± C x 2 1 y = C x 2 1 because ± C is another arbitrary constant. Test I Practice| MATH 308 Di ff erential Equations [8/14] see
Problem 24. Solve dy dx = 2 x 3 4 y 4 x + 3 y 4 Category: Method: Solution: [Show your work here.] Exact Partial integration By writing in di ff erential form, (2 x 3 4 y ) dx (4 x + 3 y 4 ) dy = 0 (2 x 3 4 y ) y = 4 (4 x + 3 y 4 ) x = 4 f x = 2 x 3 4 y f = 1 2 x 4 4 xy + C ( y ) f y = 4 x + C Õ ( y ) = 4 x 3 y 4 C Õ ( y ) = 3 y 4 ; C ( y ) = 3 5 y 5 + C Therefore, f ( x, y ) = 1 2 x 4 4 xy 3 5 y 5 + C A solution to the given di ff erential equation is 1 2 x 4 4 xy 3 5 y 5 = C Problem 25. Solve 3 1 2 y + x 4 y Õ + y = 2 x 1 [Show your work here.] By writing in di ff erential form, Partial integration (1 2 y + x ) dy +( y 2 x + 1) dx = 0 Since ˆ ˆ x (1 2 y + x ) =1 ˆ ˆ y ( y 2 x + 1) =1 this equation is an exact 1st order di ff erential equation with solution f ( x, y ) = C that satisfies I f x = y 2 x + 1 f y = 1 2 y + x By integrating f x , f ( x, y ) = yx 2 ln | x | + x + C ( y ) . By partially di ff erentiating with respect to y , f y = x + C Õ ( y ) = 1 2 y + x C Õ ( y ) =1 2 y C ( y ) = y 2 ln | y | + C Therefore, f ( x, y ) = yx 2 ln | x | + x + y 2 ln | y | + C = x + y + xy 2 ln | xy | + C A solution to the given di ff erential equation is x + y + xy 2 ln | xy | = C Test I Practice| MATH 308 Di ff erential Equations [9/14] i
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Problem 26. Solve the given di ff erential equations ( y 2 + yx ) dx x 2 dy = 0 , y (1) = 1 Category: Method: Solution: Homogeneous equation of degree zero. Substitute y = ux . 0 =( u 2 x 2 + ux 2 ) dx x 2 ( udx + xdu ) = x 2 ( u 2 + u ) dx x 2 ( udx + xdu ) 0 =( u 2 + u ) dx ( udx + xdu ) , x = 0 = u 2 dx xdu xdu = u 2 dx 1 u 2 du = 1 x dx 1 u 2 du = 1 x dx 1 u = ln | x | + C x y = ln | x | + C y = x C ln | x | For y (1) = 1 , C = 1 . y = x 1 ln | x | . Problem 27. Solve the given di ff erential equations x 2 y Õ 2 xy = 3 y 4 , y (1) = 3 Ô 5 . Category: Method: Solution: y Õ 2 x y = 3 x 2 y 4 Bernoulli’s equation with n = 4 Substitute u = y 3 (i.e. y = u 1 / 3 ) Since y Õ = 1 3 u 4 3 u Õ 1 3 u 4 3 u Õ 2 x u 1 3 = 3 x 2 u 4 3 u Õ + 6 x u = 9 x 2 ! x 6 u " Õ = 9 x 4 x 6 u = 9 5 x 5 + C u = 9 5 x + C x 6 y 3 = 9 5 x + C x 6 y 3 = 5 x 6 C 9 x 5 y = 3 5 x 6 C 9 x 5 4 1 / 3 For y (1) = 3 Ô 5 , C = 10 . y = 1 5 x 6 10 9 x 5 2 1 / 3 Test I Practice| MATH 308 Di ff erential Equations [10/14]
Problem 28. Solve the given di ff erential equations y Õ = ( x + y + 1) 2 , y (0) = 0 . Category: Method: Solution: Linear composite Equation. Substitute u = x + y + 1 i.e. y = u x 1 Now that dy dx = du dx 1 , du dx 1 = u 2 du dx = u 2 + 1 1 u 2 + 1 du = dx arctan u = x + C arctan( x + y + 1) = x + C For y (0) = 0 , C = fi 4 . Problem 29. Solve the given initial-value problem. y ÕÕ + 16 y = 0 , y (0) = 2 , y Õ (0) = 2 [Answer] Characteristic Eq. is 2 + 16 = 0 . ( + 4 i )( 4 i ) = 0 The root of the characteristic Eq. = ± 4 i The fundamental set of solutions is I y 1 = cos 4 x y 2 = sin 4 x , I y Õ 1 = 4 sin 4 x y Õ 2 = 4 cos 4 x W = - - - - y 1 (0) y 2 (0) y Õ 1 (0) y Õ 2 (0) - - - - = - - - - 1 0 0 4 - - - - = 4 W 1 = - - - - y 0 y 2 (0) y Õ 0 y Õ 2 (0) - - - - = - - - - 2 0 2 4 - - - - = 8 W 2 = - - - - y 1 (0) y 0 y Õ 1 (0) y Õ 0 - - - - = - - - - 1 2 0 2 - - - - 2 I c 1 = W 1 W = 2 c 1 = W 2 W = 1 2 Therefore, the solution is y =2 cos 4 x 1 2 sin 4 x Test I Practice| MATH 308 Di ff erential Equations [11/14] Woody
Problem 30. Solve the given initial-value problem. 4 y ÕÕ 4 y Õ 3 y = 0 , y (0) = 1 , y Õ (0) = 5 [Answer] Characteristic Eq. is 2 4 3 = 0 . (2 + 1)(2 3) = 0 The root of the characteristic Eq. = 1 2 or = 3 2 The fundamental set of solutions is I y 1 = e 1 2 x y 2 = e 3 2 x , I y Õ 1 = 1 2 e 1 2 x y Õ 2 = 3 2 e 3 2 x W = - - - - y 1 (0) y 2 (0) y Õ 1 (0) y Õ 2 (0) - - - - = - - - - 1 1 1 2 3 2 - - - - = 3 2 + 1 2 = 2 W 1 = - - - - y 0 y 2 (0) y Õ 0 y Õ 2 (0) - - - - = - - - - 1 1 5 3 2 - - - - = 3 2 5 = 7 2 W 2 = - - - - y 1 (0) y 0 y Õ 1 (0) y Õ 0 - - - - = - - - - 1 1 1 2 5 - - - - = 5 + 1 2 = 11 2 I c 1 = W 1 W = 7 4 c 1 = W 2 W = 11 4 Therefore, the solution is y = 7 4 e 1 2 x + 11 4 e 3 2 x III. Workout problems Show your complete work to earn credits: merely having final answers does not su ffi ce. In accurate statements will be marked incorrect even if they achieve correct results. ( 2 problems 13 points ) Problem 31. The indicated function y 1 ( x ) is a solu- tion of the given Euler’s di ff erential equation. Use reduc- tion of order to find a second solution y 2 ( x ) . x 2 y ÕÕ 7 xy Õ + 16 y = 0 ; y 1 = x 4 [Show your work here.] 1. x 2 y ÕÕ 7 xy Õ + 16 y = 0 ; y 1 = x 4 In a normal form, y ÕÕ 7 x y Õ + 16 x 2 y = 0 From the order reduction formula for y ÕÕ + p ( x ) y Õ + q ( x ) y = 0 , y 2 = y 1 e s p ( x ) y 2 1 dx Since e s p ( x ) = e s 7 x dx = e ln | x | 7 = | x | 7 , y 2 = ± x 4 x 7 x 8 dx = ± x 4 ln | x | Since ± 1 can be included in a arbitrary constant, y 2 = x 4 ln | x | Test I Practice| MATH 308 Di ff erential Equations [12/14] staggered
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Problem 32. Determine a particular solution to y ÕÕ 4 y Õ 12 y = 3 e 5 t by the method of undetermined coe ffi cients [Solution] Y P ( t ) = Ae 5 t Plugging into the di ff erential equation, 25 Ae 5 t 4(5 Ae 5 t ) 12( Ae 5 t ) = 3 e 5 t 7 Ae 5 t = 3 e 5 t A = 3 7 ) Y P ( t ) = 3 7 e 5 t Problem 33. Determine a particular solution to y ÕÕ 4 y Õ 12 y = e 6 t by the method of undetermined coe ffi cients [Solution] Y P ( t ) = Ate 6 t Plugging into the di ff erential equation, (12 Ae 6 t + 36 Ate 6 t ) 4( Ae 6 t + 6 Ate 6 t ) 12 Ate 6 t = e 6 t (36 A 24 A 12 A ) te 6 t + (12 A 4 A ) e 6 t = e 6 t 8 Ae 6 t = e 6 t A = 1 8 ) Y P ( t ) = 1 8 te 6 t MC SA LA Total Score Test I Practice| MATH 308 Di ff erential Equations [13/14] MY
Scratch paper Carefully separate the scratch paper from the test booklet. Do not turn in this scratch paper. Any work shown on the scratch paper will neither be accepted nor graded. Test I Practice| MATH 308 Di ff erential Equations [14/14] IF Exact