Practice Questions in Essential Calculations for Veterinary Nurses and Technicians
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Penn Foster College *
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Course
110
Subject
Mathematics
Date
Jun 13, 2024
Type
Pages
35
Uploaded by ElderOstrich4363
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Chapter 1: Review of Basic Math Fractions 1.
What is the lowest term for the fraction 5
30
2.
Reduce this fraction to its lowest term 51
87
3.
Reduce this fraction to its lowest term 60
480
4.
Find the lowest common denominator. 2
5
3
4
7
8
5
12
5.
Find the lowest common denominator. 2
7
5
6
7
16
9
32
6.
Find the lowest common denominator. 1
3
2
5
3
7
4
9
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 7.
1
3
+ 4
9
8.
7
10
+ 9
14
9.
1
4
+ 5
8
+ 12
32
10.
1
3
- 1
12
11.
7
8
- 3
7
12.
7
9
- 4
8
Multiplying and Dividing Fractions 13.
3
4
x 1
3
14.
24
6
x 1
5
15.
3
5
6
x 10
11
16.
3
2
5
x 12
4
17.
1
6
÷ 1
2
18.
3
8
÷ 1
2
19.
5
1
6
÷ 2
3
8
20.
3
5
6
÷ 4 1
7
Chapter 2: Methods of Solving for the Unknown Ratio and Proportion Determine the value of x.
1.
80𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
7𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
=
307
.
5𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑥𝑥
2.
18𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
8𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
=
50
.
4𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑥𝑥
3.
45𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
3
.
6𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
=
135𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑥𝑥
4.
780
𝑈𝑈
7
.
8𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
=
42
𝑈𝑈
𝑥𝑥
5.
11
.
4𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
2
.
7𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
=
8
.
8𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑥𝑥
Dimensional Analysis 1.
Ralph, a 7kg Border Cockapoo requires oral medication at a dose of 10mg/kg. The oral liquid contains 20mg/mL. What dose, in mL, would you give to Ralph? 2.
Bruce, a 35kg Rottweiler requires worming treatment. The tablets are available in a strength of 50mg and the dose rate is 5mg per kg. How many tablets would you dispense? 3.
Ruby is a 12kg Cocker Spaniel and requires an injection. The drug is available at 20mg/mL and the dose is 4mg/kg. How much do you inject? 4.
A 3.5kg cat, socks, requires oral preparation. The preparation is available in a 10% solution. The dosage is 15mg/kg daily. How much will Betsy require for 7 days. 5.
Maisie is a 4.5kg cat that requires tablets at a dose of 7mg/kg/day, the tablets are available in 5mg strength, how many tablets does Maisie need a day? 6.
Ben, a 19kg Border Collie needs medication at a dose rate of 50mg/kg. The medication is available as a 25% solution. How much does Ben require for a single dose? 7.
A 3kg Cat, Oscar needs an injection of a drug which has a strength of 10mg/mL and the dose rate is 5mg/kg, how much do you inject Oscar with? 8.
You have a 50% solution of medication and Scamp a 13kg cross breed requires 25mg/kg twice daily, how many mL does Scamp need per day? 9.
A 25kg dog requires oral medication which that is available in a strength of 50mg/mL, the dose rate for the drug is 4mg/kg. How much should you give?
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10.
A 22kg dog requires an injection that come in a strength of 50mg/mL, the dose required is 5mg per kg, how much should be injected? Chapter 5: Calculating Medication Dosages Oral Medication Animal weight (kg) x Dose rate = Dose required Dose x number of times per day = daily dose Daily dose x No of days = total dose required Total dose ÷ concentration = Number of tablets/mL required 1. A 4 kg cat requires 25 mg tablets with a dose rate of 15 mg/kg for 5 days. How many tablets does it need? 2. A 17 kg dog requires 15 mg tablets at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 7 days. How many tablets does it require? 3. A 3.5kg cat requires oral suspension with a strength of 3%. The dose rate is 15mg/kg twice daily, how much does the cat need for 5 days? 4. A 20 kg dog requires an oral syrup medication. The dose is 50 mg /kg per os, t.i.d. for 5 days. The syrup contains 30 mg/mL. How much syrup do you need to dispense? 5. A 15 kg dog requires 150mg tablets at a dose of 20mg/kg b.i.d. for 7 days. How many tablets are needed? 6. A 42kg dog requires 5mg/kg of an oral suspension which is available in a strength of 50mg per mL, it needs a 7-day course, how much medication would you dispense? 7. A 16.5 kg dog requires a 10-day course of antibiotics. The dose is 25mg/kg/24hrs and the tablets are available in 50mg, 250mg and 500mg strengths. Which tablets are most appropriate and how many would you supply? 8. A 26 kg dog requires 100 mg tablets at a dose of 20 mg/kg tid for 7 days. How many tablets does it require? 9. A 3kg cat requires tablets with a strength of 2mg, the dose required for the cat is 1mg/kg twice daily for 5 days. How many tablets will the cat require for the course?
10. A 12 kg dog requires 30mg tablets. The dose rate is 5 mg/kg q.8 h. How many tablets are required per dose and how many are dispensed for 7 days? 11. A 6.5 kg cat needs medication in a solution format for 14 days. The dose rate for the solution is 7 mg/kg and the suspension is a 2% solution. How many mL do you need to dispense? 12. The dose rate for a medication is 2mg/kg and the tablets are available in a strength of 10mg. Your two patients require these tablets Ben weighing 12kg and Bob weighing 16.5kg. How many tablets does each dog require? 13. A large cat weighs 6.5kg and requires medication at a dose of 3mg/kg and the tablets are available in 20mg. How many tablets does your patient require? 14. A 39kg Dobermann requires 50mg tablets that have a dose of 2.5mg/kg once daily for 5 days. How many tablets does the dog need in total? 15. A 13kg dog needs a 5% oral solution at a dose of 25mg/kg twice daily for 7 days, how much oral solution is required? Parenteral Medication – Injections 16. A 10.5kg dog requires an injection from a 3.5% solution. The dose rate for this drug is 20mg/kg. How much of the solution does the dog need? 17. A 29 kg Labrador requires an injection of a drug which contains 225 mg/mL. The recommended dose rate for the drug is 50 mg/kg. How many mL will the dog require? 18. A 21 kg dog requires needs two ×
3mL injections daily of a 2.5% solution of a drug. Calculate the dose rate in mg/kg/day. 19. A dog weighing 13.5 kg requires an injection of drug which contains 60mg per mL. The dose rate for the drug is 20mg/kg. Calculate the volume required. 20. A dog weighing 2.7 kg needs an injection of a 2% solution. The dose rate for the medication is 15mg/kg. How many mL does the dog require? 21. 2mL of a 0.4% solution is administered by injection to a 1.2kg rabbit. How many mg have been given?
22. A 3.5kg cat is given an injection of 0.6% solution. The dose is 15mg/kg/day. Calculate the volume to be injected. 23. A large 7kg cat requires 0.03g of medication. The medication is available in a 0.6% solution. How much of the solution does it need? 24. You have a 50% solution of which your patient requires an injection. The dog weighs 25 kg. The dose rate is 30 mg per kg. How many mL would the dog require? 25. A dog weighing 26kg requires medication at a dose rate of 6mg/kg/day. The medication is available in 5% solution. Calculate the volume to be injected. 26. A 15kg dog requires daily injections of a 10% solution. The dose rate is 15mg/kg. How much is injected on a daily basis? 27. A 17 kg dog requires an injection of a drug which contains 15 mg/mL. The recommended dose rate for the drug is 6 mg/kg. How many mL will the dog require? 28. A 3.5 kg cat requires an injection of a drug in a 0.7% solution. The dose rate for the cat is 4 mg/kg/day. What volume, in mL of the solution would the cat need? 29. A 6.5 kg dog requires an injection of a drug which contains 20 mg/mL. The recommended dose rate for the drug is 12 mg/kg. How many mL will the dog require? 30. A 32 kg dog requires an infusion of a drug which contains 80 mg/mL. The recommended dose rate for the drug is 25 mg/kg. How many mL will the dog require? 31. A dog weighing 23kg requires an injection from a 30% solution. The dose rate is 25mg/kg, how much of the solution is required? 32. A kitten weighing 1.7kg has been prescribed an injection of a solution containing 30mg of active ingredient, the dose rate is 5mg/kg how much is required? 33. A 2.5kg Rabbit needs an injection of 1.2% solution, the dose rate required is 2mg/kg, how much do calculate is required? 34. A 825g Guinea Pig requires and injection of a 0.5% solution that has a dose rate of 10mg per kilogram, how much is the calculated dose? 35. An African Grey Parrot weighing 410g requires an injection of medication contained in a 0.5% solution, the dose rate is 20mg/kg, how much should be injected?
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Dosage Calculations 36. Express 30mg in grams 37. Express 3620g in kg 38. Show 568mL in litres 39. What is 40 kg in lb? 40. Show 32kg in lb 41. A solution has a strength of 35mg/mL. How would you express that as a percentage solution? 42. A 33 kg dog requires medication that is available in 5mg/mL suspension and the dose rate is 2mg/kg. How many mL are required? 43. How many grams of glucose does 175 mL of a 30% glucose solution contain? 44. A dog weighing 26 lb needs 15 mg/kg of medication. How many mg is this in total? (Round to the nearest mg) 45. The dosage of medication is 30mg/kg and is available in tablets with a strength of 250mg. How many tablets would a 17kg dog need? 46. A dog weighing 21kg requires insulin at 1IU/kg. The strength of the insulin is 40IU/mL. How much insulin do you give? 47. A 43 kg dog requires tablets that have a dose rate of 20mg/kg for 7 days. The tablets are available in 200mg strength. How many whole tablets should you dispense? 48. A 12 kg dog needs 5 mg/kg of a drug that comes as a 0.5% solution. How many mL do you give? 49. A 4.5kg cat requires medication that is available in 20mg tablets. The dose rate is 10mg/kg. How many tablets does it need? 50. A 4kg Border Terrier puppy requires liquid oral medication which has a strength of 25mg/mL. The dose for this is 15mg/kg. How many mL do you give? 51. How many mg of active ingredient are in 16.4 mL of a 30 mg/mL solution 52. if you mix 2mL of a 5% solution and 4mL of a 3% solution how many mg of the active ingredient do you have?
53. You have a 0.9% solution and a 5kg cat requires 300mL by intravenous infusion, how many mg of active ingredient does it receive in total? Then convert your answer to g. 54. You have 1Litre of an 11% solution, if your patient receives 250mL, how many mg of active ingredient does it receive? 55. a 18kg dog requires a 6% oral suspension, the does is 25mg/kg, how many mL does your patient require? Chapter 6: Solutions 1. How much of a 30% solution would you need to make 10 mL of a 25% solution? 2. How many mL of a 20% solution would be required to make 30 mL of a 5% solution? 3. What amount of an 80% solution would you need to produce 100 mL of a 15% solution? 4. To make 60 mL of a 30% solution how many mL of a 50% solution is required? 5. How many mL of a 40% solution is required to product 40mL of a 10% solution? 6. How many mL of diluent is required to make 40 mL of a 20% solution from a stock solution of 60% strength? 7. How much diluent is required to produce 100 mL of a 15% solution from a stock solution which is 25%? 8. You have a 55% solution, and you need to make 40mL of a 20% solution, how much diluent would you need 9. You have stock of a 40% solution, and you require 25mL of a 15% solution, how much diluent do you need? 10. How much diluent do you need to produce a 60mL of a 40% solution from a stock solution of 75%? 11. You have an 18% solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) and your vet has requested 15 mL of a 10% solution. How much of the 18% solution will you require and how much diluent will you add?
12. How much of a 15% solution do you need to prepare 10mL of a 3% solution and how much diluent would you add? 13. You have an 80% solution and you have been asked to prepare 15 mL of a 30% solution. What quantities of 80% solution and diluent will you require? 14. You have been requested to prepare 10mL of a drug combination using the flowing drugs: Calculate the amount of each drug that you will need for the cocktail and how much saline will be required? 15. You have a stock solution that contains 500 mg/mL and you have been asked to prepare a solution 30mL of a 20% solution. Give the amount of stock solution required and the amount of diluent required to achieve this. 16. Prepare a 5 mL drug cocktail for administration. Using the following drugs: State the volume of each drug would you prepare and what volume of diluent? 17. You have a 50% stock solution of Glucose solution and you are required to prepare 20 mL of a 30% solution. How will you do this? State the volume of stock solution and diluent required. 18. Prepare a 4mL drug cocktail for administration. Using the following drugs: State the volume of each drug would you prepare and what volume of diluent? 19. You have a 75% stock solution and you are required to prepare 15 mL of a 25% solution. How will you do this? State the volume of stock solution and diluent required. Drug Final concentration Original concentration Acepromazine 4 mg/ mL 10 mg/mL Buprenorphine 1 mg/mL 4 mg/mL Drug Final concentration Original concentration Medetomidine 2 mg/mL 7 mg/mL Butorphanol 5 mg/mL 25 mg/mL Drug Final concentration Original concentration Medetomidine 3 mg/mL 7 mg/mL Butorphanol 6 mg/mL 25 mg/mL
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20. You have a 90% stock solution and you are required to prepare 30 mL of a 40% solution. How will you do this? State the volume of stock solution and diluent required. Chapter 7: IV Fluids and Constant Rate Infusions Intravenous Fluids Gtt meaning drop from the Latin guttae 1. Calculate the maintenance requirements at 50 mL/kg for a 16 kg dog per day in mL. The volume of fluid calculated is to be given over 20 hours. What is the rate (in drops) per minute if the giving set delivers 20 gtt/mL? Round your answer to the nearest drop. 2. A 4.6kg cat requires maintenance fluids at a rate of 40 mL/kg. The volume of the fluid calculated is to be given over 24 hours. What is the rate (in drops) per minute if the giving set delivers 60 gtt/mL? Round your answer to the nearest drop. 3. Calculate maintenance fluid requirements of 40 mL/kg/day for a 5.2 kg cat per day in mL. The volume calculated is to be given over 18 hours. What is the rate (in drops) per minute if the giving set delivers 60 gtt/mL? Round your answer to the nearest drop. 4. Calculate the number of drops per minute a 3kg kitten requires. The fluid rate is 60mL/kg/day and the fluid to be given over 24 hours using a giving set which delivers 60gtt per mL. Round your answer to the nearest drop. 5. Calculate maintenance fluid requirements at 50 mL/kg per day for a 23 kg dog per day in mL. The volume of fluid calculated is to be given over 24 hours. What is the rate (in drops) per minute if the giving set delivers 20 gtt/mL? Round your answer to the nearest drop. 6. Calculate maintenance fluid requirements of 60 mL/kg for a 31kg dog per day in mL. The volume of fluid calculated is to be given over 12 hours. What is the rate (in drops) per minute if the giving set delivers 20 gtt/mL? Round your answer to the nearest drop. 7. A 17.5kg dog requires maintenance fluids at 50 mL/kg to be delivered over the next 20 hours. What is the rate (in drops per minute and per hour) if the giving set delivers 20 gtt/mL? Round your answer to the nearest drop. 8. Calculate maintenance fluid requirements at 50 mL/kg for a 17 kg dog per day in mL. The volume of fluid calculated is to be given over 24 hours. What is the rate (in gtt) per minute if the giving set delivered 20 gtt/mL? Round your answer to the nearest drop.
9. Calculate maintenance fluid requirements at 2mL/kg/hr for a 42 kg dog. The dog is expected to receive fluid over 24 hours. What is the rate (in drops) per minute if the giving set delivers 60 gtt/mL? Round your answer to the nearest drop. 10. Calculate the maintenance requirements at 60 mL/kg for a 4.6 kg cat per day in mL. The volume of fluid calculated is to be given over 18 hours. What is the rate (in drops) per minute if the giving set delivers 20 gtt/mL? Round your answer to the nearest drop. 11. A 48kg dogs is hospitalised and requires fluid for the next 24hrs at a rate of 2mL/kg per hour, if your fluid giving set administers 20drops per minute how many drops per minute should it be receiving? 12. A 6kg puppy requires fluid at a rate of 60mL/kg/day and the fluid giving set provides 20 drops per minute, how many drops per minute do you expect the puppy to receive? (Calculate to the nearest drop.) 13. A patient weighing 24kg needs maintenance fluids at 50mL/kg per day, using a giving set which delivers 20 drops per mL, how many drops does is require per min (round your answer to the nearest drop.) 14. A 6kg cat requires fluid at 40mL/kg per day, the fluid giving set administers 60 drops per minute, if given over 24hours how many drops per minute should it receive? (Calculate to the nearest drop.) 15. A 27kg dog requires fluid at the rate of 2mL/kg per hour, calculate how many mL it requires in a 24hour period and then how many drops per minute if the giving set delivers 20 drops per mL (to the nearest drop). Constant Rate Infusions 16. An 18 kg dog requires a drug to be infused at a rate of 3 mg/kg every 12 hours. The drug is available in a strength of 15 mg/mL. How much of the drug is infused over 12 hours? 17. A 4 kg cat required a constant rate of infusion of a drug of 6 mg/kg every 24 hours. The drug is available in a strength of 2 mg/mL. How many mL will be infused over 24 hours? 18. A 24 kg dog has been prescribed medication at a rate of 20 mg/kg in 12 hours. The drug’s strength is 60 mg/mL. What volume of drug will be infused over 12 hours? 19. A 15kg dog was infused with a drug with the strength of 80 mg/mL in the last 12 hrs the dog has received 20mL. Calculate the rate of infusion. 20. A patient weighing 22kg has been receiving a drug with a strength of 25mg/mL. Over the last 24 hours it has received a total of 80 mL. Calculate the infusion rate.
Adding Drugs to IV Fluids 21. A 15 kg dog has been prescribed a drug with the strength of 10 mg/mL. The rate to infuse the dog is 5 mg/kg per day (24 h). The dog is receiving maintenance fluids at a maintenance rate of 50 mL/kg/day. The drug is to be added to a 1 L bag of fluid. a. Calculate the amount of drug to add to the fluid. b. What is the drip rate over which the fluid should be given using a giving set that delivers 60 drops per mL? 22. A 7.5 kg dog is receiving fluids at a rate of 40mL/kg/day. A drug is to be added to the 500mL bag of fluid so that the dog receives 2mg/kg/day. The strength of the drug is 6mg/mL. What volume of the drug should be added to the fluid bag? 23. A 16 kg dog is receiving maintenance fluids at a rate of 40 mL/kg/24 h. A drug with the strength of 6mg/mL and a dose rate of 3mg/kg is to be added to a 1L bag of fluid. What volume of the drug is to be added? 24. A 10 kg dog is receiving maintenance fluids at 40 mL/kg/day. A drug with a strength of 15 mg/mL is to be added to the 500mL bag of fluid. The drug rate is 5 mg/kg/24 h. What volume of the drug should be added to the fluid bag? 25. A 12 kg dog has been prescribed medication with a strength of 25 mg/mL at a rate of 8 mg/kg per 24 hours. The dog is to receive maintenance fluids at a rate of 50 mL/kg/24h a. What volume of fluid is to be added to a 1000 mL drip bag? b. Calculate the drip rate (in drops/min) if the giving set delivers 20 gtt/mL. 26. A 7 kg dog has been prescribed medication with a strength of 30 mg/mL at a rate of 25 mg/kg per 24 hours. The dog is to receive maintenance fluids at a rate of 50 mL/kg/24 h a. What volume of fluid is to be added to a 500 mL drip bag? b. Calculate the drip rate (in drops/min) if the giving set delivers 20 gtt/mL. Chapter 8: Dilutions 1. A solution of 48% is your starting solution; it undergoes a 4-fold dilution. What is the final concentration of the solution in the 4
th
tube? 2. A 76% solution is diluted using a 3-fold serial dilution. What is the final concentration of the solution in tube 5? 3. A 94% solution undergoes an 8-fold serial dilution. What is the concentration of the solution in tubes 2, 3 and 4? 4. A 68% solution undergoes a 6-fold dilution, what is the concentration of the solution in tube 2 & 4?
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5. An 85% is diluted 2-fold. What is the concentration of the solution in tube 6? 6. A 22% solution is diluted 1
10
. What strength of solution is it now? 7. An 8% solution was made from a stock strength 24%. How was it diluted? 8. If you need a solution of 20% and only an 80% solution was available to you, how would you dilute it? 9. You have 250 mL of a solution that contains 20g of a drug and you require a solution that contains 5 mg/mL. How will you dilute it? 10. You want to make 100 mL of a 1
30
dilution of disinfectant in water. How much water will you add? 11. You need to make a 20 mL solution of a 1
6
dilution of drug in sterile water. How much sterile water will you need? 12. A solution was diluted 1
3
then again by 1
6
then again by 1
4
What is the final dilution of the solution? 13. A blood sample was diluted 1
20
then 110 white blood cells were counted in six ‘W’ areas. Calculate the white cell count. 14. A blood sample was diluted 1
60
and then 50 white blood cells were counted in four ‘W’ areas. Determine the patient’s white cell count. 15. A blood sample was diluted 1
50
and 110 red blood cells were counted in four ‘R’ squares. Calculate the red cell count.
PRACTICE QUESTION ANSWERS Chapter 1: Review of Basic Math 1.
1
6
2.
17
29
3.
1
8
4.
120 5.
672 6.
315 7.
7
9
8.
1
12
35
9.
1
1
4
10.
1
4
11.
25
56
12.
5
18
13.
1
4
14.
4
5
15.
3 16
33
16.
10
1
5
17.
1
3
18.
3
4
19.
2 10
57
20.
161
174
Chapter 2: Methods of Solving for the Unknown Ratio and Proportion 1. Ans = 26.91 mL 2. Ans = 22.4 tablets (or 22 2
5
tablets) 3. Ans = 10.8 mL 4. Ans = 4.24 mL 5. Ans = 2.08 mL Dimensional Analysis 1.
Ans = 3.5 mL 2.
Ans = 3.5 tablets 3.
Ans = 2.4 mL 4.
Ans = 3.68 mL 5.
Ans = 6.3 tablets (or 6
3
10
tablets) 6.
Ans = 3.8 mL 7.
Ans = 1.5mL 8.
Ans = 1.3 mL daily 9.
Ans = 2mL 10.
Ans = 2.2mL
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Chapter 5: Calculating Medication Dosages 1. 4 kg ×
15 mg = dose required Dose ×
5 days = total amount Total amount ÷
concentration = number of tablets 4 ×
15 mg = 60mg 60mg ×
5days = 300 mg 300mg ÷
25mg = 12 tablets required 2. 17 kg ×
10 mg/kg per day 10 ×
20 = dose per day = 200 mg/day Dose required per day ×
number of days = 200 ×
10 = 2000 mg total dose Total dose ÷
concentration of drug = 2000 ÷
25 = 80 tablets required 3. 3% solution = 3g/100 mL or 30mg/1mL
3.5kg x 15mg = 52.5mg per dose 52.5mg x 2 doses = 105mg daily 105mg x 5 days = 252mg in total 252 ÷ 30mg = 17.5mL 4. 20kg ×
50mg = 1000 mg per dose 1000 ×
3 times daily = 3000 mg daily dose 3000 ×
5 days = 15000 mg total dose 15000 ÷
30mg/mL = 500 mL to be dispensed 5. 15 kg ×
20 mg/kg = 300 mg single dose 300mg x twice a day = 600mg daily 600mg ×
7 days = 4200 mg total
4200 ÷
150 mg = 28 tablets required 6. 42kg x 5mg = 210mg dose (42kg x 5mg = 210mg dose) 210mg x 7 days = 1470mg total (210mg ÷ 50mg = 4.2mL per dose) 1470mg ÷ 50mg = 29.4mL (4.2mL x 7 days = 29.4mL) 7. 16.5kg x 25mg = 412.5mg in 24hrs 125mg ÷
tablet strength 250mg most appropriate 412.5mg ÷
250mg tablets = 1 1
2
tablets daily (1.65) 1 1
2
tablets x 10 days = 15 tablets required 8. 20mg ×
26kg = 520mg per dose 520 ×
3 times daily = 1560 mg per day 1560mg ×
7days = 10920 mg total amount required 10920 ÷
100mg tablets = 109. 2 or 109 tablets required 9. 3kg x 1mg = 3mg (3kg x 1mg = 3mg) 3mg x 2 times daily = 6mg/day (3mg ÷ 2mg = 1.5 tablets per dose) 6mg x 5 days = 30mg in total (1.5tablets x 2 per day = 3 tablets) 30mg ÷ 2mg = 15 tablets (3 tablets x 5 days = 15 tablets) 10. 12kg ×
5mg = 60 mg per dose (60mg ÷
30mg tablets = 2 tablets/dose
) 60mg x 3 times daily = 180mg/day (2 tablets x 3 times = 6 tablets) 180mg x 7 days = 1260mg in total (6 tablets x 7 days = 42 tablets) 1260 mg ÷
30 mg = 42 tablets
11. 2% solution = 2g/100 mL or 20mg/1mL 6.5 kg ×
7 mg = 45.5 mg per day 45.5 mg x 14 days = 637 mg 637 mg ÷
20mg/mL = 31.85 mL 12. Ben – 2mg x 12kg = 24mg ÷
10mg tablet = 2.4 tablets or 2.5 Bob – 2mg x 16.5kg = 32mg ÷
10mg tablet = 3.3 tablets or 3.5 13. 6.5kg x 3mg = 19.5mg required 19.5mg ÷
20mg tablet strength = 0.97 or 1 tablet 14. 39kg x 2.5mg = 97.5mg per day (39kg x 2.5mg = 97.5mg per day) 97.5mg x 5 days = 487.5mg total (97.5mg ÷50mg = 1.95 or 2tabs) 487.5mg ÷ 50mg = 9.75 tablets or 10 (2 tablets x 5 days = 10 tablets) 15. 5% solution = 5g/100 mL or 50mg/1mL
13kg x 25mg = 325mg 325mg x 2 times a day = 650mg daily 650mg x 7 days = 4550mg in total 4550mg ÷ 50mg strength = 91mL 16. 3.5% solution = 3.5g per 100mL or 35mg per 1mL 10.5kg x 20mg = 210mg 210mg ÷
35mg strength = 6mL
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17. 29kg x 50mg = 1450 mg 1450 mg ÷
225mg strength = 6.4mL 18. 2.5% solution = 2.5g per 100mL or 25mg per 1mL 25mg x 3mL = 75mg per injection, 75mg x 2 injections = 150mg 150mg ÷ 21kg = 7.14 mg 7.14 mg/kg/day 19. 13.5kg x 20mg = 270mg 270mg ÷
60mg strength = 4.5mL 20. 2% solution = 2g per 100mL or 20mg per 1mL 2.7kg x 15mg = 40.5mg 40.5mg ÷
20mg strength = 2.03mL or 2 mL 21. 0.4% solution = 0.4g per 100mL or 4mg per 1mL 2mL x 4mg = 8 mg in total 22. 0.6% solution = 0.6g per 100mL or 6mg per 1mL 15mg x 3.5kg = 52.5mg 52.5mg ÷
6mg strength = 8.75mL 23. 0.6% solution = 0.6g per 100mL or 6mg per 1mL 0.03g = 30mg required, 30mg ÷ 6mg solution strength = 5mL in total
24. 50% solution = 50g per 100mL or 500mg/mL 25kg x 30mg = 750mg 750mg ÷
500mg strength = 1.5mL 25. 5% solution = 5g per 100mL or 50mg per 1mL 26kg x 6mg = 156 mg 156mg ÷
50mg strength = 3.1mL required per injection 26. 10% solution = 10g per 100mL or 100mg per 1mL 15mg x 15kg = 225mg required 225mg ÷
100mg strength = 2.25mL 27. 17kg x 6mg = 102mg 102mg ÷
15mg strength = 6.8mL 28. 0.7% solution = 0.7g per 100mL or 7mg per 1mL 3.5kg x 4mg = 14 mg per day 14mg ÷ 7 mg strength = 2mL per day 29. 6.5kg x 12mg = 78mg 78mg ÷
20mg strength = 3.9mL 30. 32kg x 25mg = 800 mg 800 mg ÷
80mg strength = 10mL
31. 30% solution = 30g per 100mL or 300mg per 1mL 23kg x 25mg = 575mg 575mg ÷ 300mg = 1.9mL 32. 1.7kg x 5mg = 8.5mg 8.5mg ÷ 30mg = 0.28mL or 0.3 mL 33. 1.2% solution = 1.2g per 100mL or 12mg per 1mL 2.5kg x 2mg = 5mg 5mg ÷ 12mg = 0.42mL or 0.4mL 34. 0.5% solution = 0.5g per 100mL or 5mg per 1mL 0.825kg x 10mg = 8.25mg 8.25mg ÷ 5mg strength = 1.65mL or 1.6 or 1.7mL 35. 0.5% solution = 0.5g per 100mL or 5mg per 1mL 0.41kg x 20mg = 8.2mg 8.2mg ÷ 5mg = 1.64mL or 1.6mL 36. 0.032 g 37. 3.62 kg 38. 0.568 L 39. 88 lb
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40. 70.4lb 41. mg to grams - 35 mg ÷
1000 g = 0.035 g per mL 0.035 g per mL ×
100 = 3.5% solution or, easier way, 35 mg ÷
10 (move decimal point 1 place to right) = 3.5% 42. 33 kg ×
2 mg = 66 mg required 66 mg ÷
5 mg tablet = 13.2 or 13 mL 43. 30% = 30 g per 100 mL 30 g ÷
100 mL = 0.3 g per mL 0.3 g ×
175 mL = 52.5 g in total 44. 26 lb ÷
2.2 = 11.8 kg 15 mg ×
11.8 kg = 177 mg 45. 17 kg ×
30 mg = 510 mg required 510 mg ÷
250 mg tablet = 2.04 or 2 tablets 46. 21 kg ×
1 IU = 21 IU 21 IU ÷
40 IU strength = 0.525 mL or 0.53mL 47. 43 kg ×
20 mg = 860 mg required per day 860 mg ÷
200 mg tablets = 4.3 or 4 ½ tablets per day 4.5 tablets ×
7 days = 31.5 or 32 tablets for 7 days
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48. 12 kg ×
5 mg = 600 mg required 0.5% ×
10 = 5 mg per mL (see below for formula) 60 mg ÷
5 mg per mL = 12 mL 49. 4.5 kg ×
10 mg = 45 mg required 45 mg ÷
20 mg tablet strength = 2.25 or 2
1
4
tablets 50. 4 kg ×
15 mg = 60 mg required 60 mg ÷
25 mg/mL = 2.4 mL 51. 30mg x 16.4mL = 492 mg 52. 5% solution = 50mg/mL 3% solution = 30mg/mL 50mg x 2mL = 100mg 30mg x 4mL = 120mg 100mg + 120mg = 220mg in the 6mLs of solution 53. 0.9% solution = 0.9g per 100mL or 9mg pre 1 mL 300mL x 9mg = 2700mg 2700mg ÷ 1000 = 2.7g 54. 11% solution = 11g per 100mL or 110mg per mL 110mg x 250mL = 27500mg
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55. 6% = 6g per 100 mL or 60mg per mL 18kg x 25mg = 450mg required 450mg ÷ 60mg strength = 7.5mL Chapter 6: Solutions 1. 8.3 mL 2. 7.5 mL 3. 18.75 mL 4. 36 mL 5. 10mL 6. 26.67 mL Percentage solutions: If you have a 2.5% solution – How many mg/mL? 2.5% means 2.5 g per 100 mL 2.5 g/100 mL 2.5 g ÷
100 mL = 0.025 g/mL Convert g to mg = 1000 mg in 1 g So, to convert 0.025 g to mg multiply by 1000 0.025 g ×
1000 = 25 mg/mL However, if you struggle to understand the formula, a simple way to convert 2.5% into mg/mL would be to multiply 2.5% by 10 (move decimal point 1 place to the right) i.e. 2.5% ×
10 = 25 mg/mL 2.5g = 25.0 or 25 mg
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7. 40 mL 8. 25.45mL 9. 15.63mL 10. 28mL 11. 15𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑥𝑥
10%
18%
= 8.33 mL solution 15 mL – 8.33 mL = 6.67 mL of diluent 12. 10𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑥𝑥
3%
15%
= 30
15
= 2 mL solution 10 mL – 2 mL = 8 mL diluent 13. 15𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑥𝑥
30%
80%
= 450
80
= 5.6 mL solution 15 mL – 5.6 mL = 9.4 mL of diluent
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14. Acepromazine = 10mL x 4mg = 40mg/mL drug in the cocktail 40 mg ÷ 10 mg = 4 mL of acepromazine required Buprenorphine = 10mL x 1mg = 10mg/mL drug in the cocktail 10 mg ÷ 4 mg = 2.5 mL of buprenorphine required Saline required: 4 mL + 2.5 mL = 6.5 mL of drugs 10 mL – 6.5 mL = 3.5 mL of saline required 15. 30𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑥𝑥
20%
50%
= 600
50
= 12mL of stock solution required 30mL – 12mL = 18 mL of diluent 16. Medetomidine = 5mL x 2mg = 10mg of drug in the cocktail 10 mg ÷ 7 mg = 1.4mL of medetomidine required Butorphanol = 5mL x 5mg = 25mg of drug in the cocktail 25 mg ÷ 25 mg = 1 mL of butorphanol required Diluent/saline = 1.4 mL + 1 mL = 2.4 mL of drugs 5 mL – 2.4 mL = 2.6 mL of diluent
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17. C
1
×
V
1
= C
2
×
V
2
50% ×
x
mL = 30% ×
20 mL =
𝑥𝑥
mL=
30
×
20
50
= 600
50
= 12 mL of stock solution and 8 mL of diluent 18. Medetomidine = 4mL x 3mg = 12mg of drug in the cocktail 12 mg ÷ 7 mg = 1.7mL of medetomidine required Butorphanol = 4mL x 6mg = 24mg of drug in the cocktail 24 mg ÷ 25 mg = 0.96 mL of butorphanol required Diluent/saline = 1.7 mL + 0.96 mL = 2.66 mL of drugs 4 mL – 2.66 mL = 1.34 mL of diluent 19. C
1
×
V
1
= C
2
×
V
2
75% ×
x
mL = 25% ×
15 mL =
𝑥𝑥
mL=
25
×
15
75
= 375
75
= 5 mL of stock solution and 10 mL of diluent 20. C
1
×
V
1
= C
2
×
V
2
90% ×
x
mL = 40% ×
30 mL =
𝑥𝑥
mL=
40
×
30
90
= 1200
90
= 13.33 mL of stock solution and 16.67 mL of diluent
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Chapter 7: IV Fluids and Constant Rate Infusions 1. 16 kg ×
50 mL = 800 mL/day Maintenance 800 mL ÷
20 h = 40 mL/h 40 mL ×
20 gtt = 800 gtt/h 800 gtt ÷ 60 min = 13.33 or 13 gtt per min 2. 4.6 kg ×
40 mL = 184 mL/day maintenance 184 mL ÷
24 h = 7.6 mL/h 7.6 mL ×
60 gtt = 456 gtt/h 456 gtt ÷ 60 min = 7.6 or 8 gtt/min 3. 5.2 kg ×
40 mL = 208 mL/day maintenance 208 mL ÷
18 h = 11.5 mL/h 11.5 mL ×
60 gtt = 690 gtt/h 690 gtt ÷
60 min = 11.5 gtt/min or 12 drops/gtt per minute 4. 30kg ×
60 mL = 180 mL/day maintenance 180 mL ÷
24 h = 7.5 mL/h 7.5 mL ×
60 gtt = 450 gtt/h 450 gtt ÷ 60 min = 7.5 or 8 gtt/min 5. 23 kg ×
50 mL = 1150 mL/day maintenance 1150 mL ÷
24 h = 47.9 mL/h 47.9 mL ×
20 gtt = 958 gtt/h 958 gtt ÷60 min = 15.9 or 16 gtt/min
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6. 31 kg ×
60 mL = 1860 mL/day maintenance 1860 mL ÷
12 h = 155 mL/h 155 mL ×
20 gtt = 3100 gtt/h 3100 gtt ÷ 60min = 51.6 or 52 gtt/min 7. 17.5 kg ×
50 mL = 875 mL/day maintenance 875 mL ÷
20 h = 43.75 mL/h 43.75 mL ×
20 gtt = 875 gtt/h 875 gtt ÷ 60 min = 14.5 or 15 gtt/min 8. 17 kg ×
50 mL = 850 mL/day maintenance 850 mL ÷
24 h = 35.4 mL/h 35.4 mL ×
20 gtt = 708 gtt/h 708 gtt ÷ 60 min= 11.8 or 12 gtt/min 9. 42 kg ×
2 mL = 84 mL/hr 84 mL x 60gtt = 5040 gtt per hour 5040 gtt ÷ 60 min = 84 gtt/min 10. 4.6 kg ×
60 mL = 270 mL/day maintenance 270 mL ÷
18 h = 15 mL/h 15 mL ×
20 gtt = 300 gtt/h 300 gtt ÷ 60 min = 5 gtt/min
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11. 48kg x 2mL = 96mL per hour 96mL x 20 drops = 1920 drops per hour 1920 drops ÷ 60 mins = 32 drops per minute 12. 6kg x 60mL = 360mL per day 360 ÷ 24hr = 15mL per hour 15mL x 20drops = 300drops per hour 300drops ÷ 60mins = 5 drops per minute 13. 24kg x 50mL = 1200mL/day 1200mL ÷24hrs = 50mL per hour 50mL x 20drops = 1000drops per hour 1000drops ÷ 60 mins = 16.66 or 17 drops per minute 14. 6kg x 40mL = 240mL per day 240 ÷ 24hr = 10mL per hour 10mL x 60 drops = 600 drops per hour 600drops ÷ 60 mins = 10 drops per min 15. 27kg x 2mL = 54mL per hour 54mL x 24 hr = 1296 mL in 24 hours 54 mL x 20 drops = 1080 drops per min 1080 drops ÷ 60mins = 18 drops per minute 16. 3 mg ×
18 kg = 54 mg required 54 mg ÷
15 mg = 3.6 mL to be infused over 12 h
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17. 6 mg ×
4 kg = 24 mg required 24 mg ÷
2 mg = 12 mL to be infused over 24 h 18. 20 mg ×
24 kg = 480 mg required 480 mg ÷
60 mg = 8 mL in 12 h 19. 20 mL ÷
12 h = 1.66 mL/h 1.66 mL ×
80 mg = 132.8 mg 132.8 mg ÷
15 kg = 8.85 mg/kg in 12 h or 9mg/kg/12h 20. 80 mL ×
25 mg = 2000 mg received 2000 mg ÷
22 kg = 90.9 mg/kg per 24 h or 91mg/kg/24hr Adding drugs to IV fluids 21. 15 kg ×
5 mg = 75 mg in 24 h a. 75 mg ÷
10 mg = 7.5 mL of drug required in 24 h 50 mL ×
15kg = 750 mL maintenance fluid 7
.
5𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
750𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
= 𝑥𝑥
1000𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
7.5 mL (1000 mL) = 750mL (
x
) x
= 7500 mL ÷ 750 mL x
= 10 mL to be added to 1L fluid
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b. 750 mL ÷
24 h = 31.25 mL/h mL ×
60 gtt = 1875 gtt/h 1875 gtt ÷
60min = 31.25 or 31 gtt/h 22. 2mg x 7.5 kg = 15mg of the drug per day 15 mg ÷
6 mg = 2.5 mL of the drug required per day 40 mL ×
7.5 kg = 300 mL of fluid in 24 h 2
.
5𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
= 𝑥𝑥
500𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
= 4.17
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
of drug in 495.85mL of fluid (500mL – 4.17mL – 495.85mL) 23. 3 mg ×
16 kg = 48 mg/24h 48 mg ÷
6 mg = 8 mL/24h 40mL x 16kg = 640mL 8𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
640𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
= 𝑥𝑥
1000𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
= 12.5mL of the drug to be added to the fluid. 24. 5 mg ×
10 kg = 50 mg of drug in 24 h 50 mg ÷
15 mg = 3.33 mL of drug in 24 h 40 mL ×
10 kg = 400 mL of fluid in 24 h 3
.
33𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
400𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
= 𝑥𝑥
500𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
= 4.16 or 4.2mL added to the 500mL bag 25. a.
12 kg ×
8 mg = 96 mg of drug in 24 hours 96 mg ÷
25 mg = 3.84 mL of drug in 24 hours 50mL x 12kg = 600mL fluid per day 3
.
84𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
600𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
= 𝑥𝑥
1000𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
= 6.37 or 6.4mL
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b.
600mL ÷
24 h = 25mL/hr 25mL x 20gtt = 500 gtt/hr 500 gtt ÷
60 min = deliver 8.3 or 8 drops per minute 26. a.
7 kg ×
25 mg = 175 mg of drug in 24 hours 175 mg ÷
30 mg = 5.83 mL of drug in 24 hours 50mL x 7kg = 350mL fluid per day 5
.
83𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
= 𝑥𝑥
500𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
= 8.33 mL b.
350 mL ÷
24 h = 14.583 mL/hr 14.583 mL/hr x 20gtt/hr = 291.66 gtt/hr 291.66 gtt/hr ÷ 60 mins/hr = deliver 4.861 or 5 drops per minute Chapter 8: Dilutions 1. 48% ×
�
1
4
𝑥𝑥
1
4
𝑥𝑥
1
4
�
= 48% ×
1
64
= 0.75% solution 2. 76% ×
�
1
3
𝑥𝑥
1
3
𝑥𝑥
1
3
𝑥𝑥
1
3
�
= 76% ×
1
81
= 0.938% solution 3. Tube 2 = 94% ×
�
1
8
�
= 94% ×
0.125 = 11.75% solution Tube 3 = 94% ×
�
1
8
𝑥𝑥
1
8
�
= 94% ×
1
64
= 1.4688% solution Tube 4 = 94% ×
�
1
8
𝑥𝑥
1
8
𝑥𝑥
1
8
�
= 94% ×
1
512
= 0.1836% solution
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4. Tube 2 = 68% ×
�
1
6
�
= 68% ×
1
6
= 11.36% solution Tube 4 = 68% ×
�
1
6
𝑥𝑥
1
6
𝑥𝑥
1
6
�
= 68% ×
1
216
= 0.3148% solution 5. Tube 6 = 85% ×
�
1
2
𝑥𝑥
1
2
𝑥𝑥
1
2
𝑥𝑥
1
2
𝑥𝑥
1
2
�
= 85% ×
1
32
= 2.6562% solution 6. 22 ×
1
10
= 2.2% 7. 8
24
= 1
3
8. 20
80
= 1
4
9. D
= 20𝑚𝑚
250mL
×
1000mg
1𝑚𝑚
=
2000mg
25
mL
= 80mg
1
mL
= 80 mg/mL 5
mg
80mg
=
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
= 1
16
10. 1
30
=
𝑥𝑥
100
,
𝑥𝑥
=
100
30
= 3.33 mL disinfectant plus 96.67 mL water to make 100 mL total 11. 1
6
=
𝑥𝑥
20
,
𝑥𝑥
=
20
6
= 3.33
mL, 20mL
−
3.33
mL = 16.67 mL of sterile water 12. 1
3
x 1
6
x 1
4
= 1
72
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13. 110
6
×
1
mm
×
1
mm
×
0
.
1
mm
× 20 =
110
0.6mm
3
× 20 =
2200
0.6mm
3
= 3666 cells per 1 mm
3
= 3666 cells ×
1,000,000 = 3,666,000,000 cells/1 L Use scientific notation: 3.6 ×
10
9
cells/L 14. 50
4
×
1
mm
×
1
mm
×
0
.
1
mm
× 60 =
50
0
.
4
mm
3
× 60 =
3000
0
.
4
mm
3
= 7500 cells per 1 mm
3
= 7500 cells ×
1,000,000 = 7,500,000,000 cells/L Use scientific notation: 7.5 ×
10
9
cells/L 15. 110
4
×
0
.
2
mm
×
0
.
2
mm
×
0
.
1
×
50
1
=
5500 cells
0.016mm
3
= 343,750 cells ×
1,000,000 = 343,750,000,000 cells/L Use scientific notation: 3.4375 ×
10
11
cells/1 L
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