Malaika Wauters Math 11 - Lab 4
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Course
11
Subject
Mathematics
Date
May 30, 2024
Type
Pages
6
Uploaded by MegaRose1330
Malaika Wauters
Math 11
Denise Rava
Lab 4: Simulating Bernoulli Trials
1.
How many heads did you get in each of the four experiments?
First trial - 1 head
Second trial - 3 heads
Third trial - 3 heads
Fourth trial - 2 heads
2.
What is the probability of getting zero heads in six tosses? What is the probability of
getting exactly two heads in six tosses?
a.
0.03125
b.
0.3125
3.
In your simulation, how many times out of 1000 were there zero heads in the six tosses?
How many times were there two heads? Include a histogram of your simulation results in
your write-up along with your answers to these questions. As always, remember to make
sure the axes are appropriately labeled.
a.
As depicted in the histogram above and according to the simulation ran through
Minitab, there were only 23 times where I summed 0 heads in total versus a high
293 times where 2 heads were a result of the toss.
4.
Compare your answers to the previous two questions. In the 1000 simulations, did you
get zero heads about as many times as you expected (remember that the number of times
you expect to get zero heads is the number of simulations times the probability of getting
zero heads in one simulation)? What about two heads?
a.
The expected values for the trials don’t exactly line up to be completely accurate
with the data that I yielded yet itr is not too far off and it can be concluded that
with even more than 1000 trials, the data that I should yield would more
accurately resemble the expected value. I had only 23 trials in which there were to
be 0 heads while it should be approximately 31.25 times. And again, in regards to
discovering 2 heads as a result, it should have happened 312.5 times yet it only
occurred 293 times.
5.
First, simulate tossing a coin 10 times and counting the number of heads. Do 1000
repetitions of this procedure (so you will generate 1000 numbers, each a binomial random
variable with
n
= 10 and
p
= 1/2). Present a histogram of the results.
6.
Find the mean and standard deviation of the 1000 numbers that you got. (Remember you
can get this using
Stat --> Basic Statistics --> Display Descriptive Statistics
.) Are these
numbers close to the expected value and standard deviation of a binomial random
variable with
n
= 10 and
p
= 1/2?
a.
Mean = 5.479
b.
StDev = 1.641
c.
By binomial distribution, E[
X
] =
np
and SD(
X
) = (
np
(1-
p
))
½
So the expected value would be half of 10, 10(½) = 5
And the expected StDev would be the square root of 10(½ )(½ ) = 1.581
d.
Evidently, the values that were yielded, also known as the actual observed values
are very close to the expected values (5.479 - 5 = 0.479) and (1.641-1.581 = 0.06)
7.
Now simulate tossing a coin 100 times. As before, do 1000 repetitions of this procedure,
and present the results in a histogram. Based on the histogram, if you tossed a coin 100
times, would you be surprised if the number of heads were 5 more (or 5 fewer) than
expected? Would you be surprised if the number of heads were 20 more (or 20 fewer)
than expected?
8.
Next simulate tossing coins 1000 and 10,000 times. As before, do 1000 repetitions of
each procedure, and make two histograms. If you tossed a coin 10,000 times, would you
be surprised if the number of heads were 5 more (or 5 fewer) than expected? Would you
be surprised if the number of heads were 20 more (or 20 fewer) than expected?
a.
After flipping the coin 10,000 times I would expect to have plus or minus 5, or
even perhaps plus or minus 20 heads that I initially predicted because of the
increase in the standard deviation and spread of the data, although it would be
slightly less likely to expect a variation of plus or minus 20 heads as a result
because that is a bigger difference.
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