MGMT315 unit4

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Survey of Human Resource Management: MGMT315 Unit 4 Survey of Human Resource Management: MGMT315 Unit 4 Travis Lexvold American Intercontinental University INSTRUCTOR: JULIE KOVENCZ

Survey of Human Resource Management: MGMT315 Unit 4 T Today's digital world has led to the importance of how we utilize and share personal information. Around the world, governments are increasing the protection of personal privacy by enacting laws that concern the protection of their data. Concurrently, trade agreements have become more popular than ever to promote international commerce and business interactions. Human rights have a key role in ensuring basic freedoms of everyone are respected. In this research is to discuss and differentiate the local and global effects of data protection laws, agreements on trade, and human rights laws. We have considered each area in detail and assessed its importance. Also have conducted a SWOT analysis to identify its positive and negative aspects, and we have discussed its potential future. After reading the article, readers will have a comprehensive understanding of the legal consequences of these three areas in both the local and international context National and global legal implications of data protection laws Data protection law review In the digital age, it is important for companies to understand and follow data protection laws and regulations. Companies need to understand international and U.S. laws to avoid legal and reputational risks (International and U.S. Data Privacy Laws and Regulations You Need to Know, n.d.). Things are critical to review privacy laws and regulations to ensure compliance and avoid hefty fines or lawsuits (International and U.S. Privacy Laws and Regulations You Need to Know, n.d.). In the United States, state data protection laws vary widely, and companies need to understand these laws to avoid legal issues (States of U.S. Consumer Data Privacy Laws (and Their Importance), n.d.). Some states have taken a proactive approach to privacy by passing sweeping laws, such as the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), which served as a catalyst for other states to tighten privacy laws (U.S. Consumer Data Privacy Act States). America (and its Importance), n.d.). Currently, the CCPA is the most comprehensive privacy law in the United States, providing protections comparable to the Privacy Act (The State of (and Why It

Survey of Human Resource Management: MGMT315 Unit 4 Matters) U.S. Consumer Data Privacy Laws, n.d.) (17 new privacy laws around the world). and how they affect your analysis, n.d.). However, the lack of federal privacy laws has resulted in a patchwork of laws that can be confusing to businesses and consumers (The State of U.S. Consumer Data Privacy Laws (and Why They Matter), n.d.). Privacy laws and regulations protect the personal information of citizens or residents, and these laws will impact analytics (17 New Privacy Laws Around the World and How They Affect Your Analytics, n.d.) (International and U.S. Privacy Laws and Regulations). You need to know, n.d.). These laws exist at various levels, including transnational, national, state, and local, such as B. The Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Airline Deregulation Act, the Farm Credit Act, and the Driver Privacy Protection Act. Individuals have the right to decide how companies use their data. The right to request deletion of the data it collects, the right to access the data it collects, and the ability to easily transfer its data from one service to another. New Zealand data protection laws provide individuals with similar rights over their data, including the ability to correct any errors in the data they collect (17 new data protection laws around the world and how they affect your analytics, n.d.). Companies must also allow individuals to access the data they collect (17 New Privacy Laws Around the World and How They Affect Your Analytics, n.d.). Data protection laws continue to be followed worldwide; companies must stay up to date with all regulations to ensure compliance and protect their customers' and their own data. A discussion on why data protection laws are important. Data protection law is important part of modern society, and its importance cannot be overstated (Data Protection Laws and Regulations of the United States 2023-2024, n.d.). Implemented data protection laws can help lower the consequences of data scandals such as Cambridge Analytica or Grindr (The State of U.S. Consumer Data Privacy Laws (and Why They Matter), n.d.). Privacy is the ability to participate in society without fear of data misuse or corruption (The State of (and Why It Matters) U.S. Consumer Data Privacy Laws, n.d.). Strong privacy laws won't necessarily change most people's lives, but they can help

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Survey of Human Resource Management: MGMT315 Unit 4 regulate the data economy, which is complex and requires additional steps to address privacy concerns. Companies with an international reach must adapt to a variety of regulations with different requirements and restrictions (17 new data protection laws around the world and how they affect your analytics, n.d.). In Mexico, the Federal Code for the Protection of Private Data is the main data protection law and is enforced by the National Institute for Transparency on Access to Information and the Protection of Personal Data and the Mexican Ministry of Economy. Data protection laws must also include data subject rights, such as rights of access, rectification, cancellation, and objection, as well as the right to data portability and the right not to participate in automated decision-making (17 new data protection laws around the world and how to enforce them). They can affect your analysis, n.d.). Even the latest privacy laws do not address all privacy concerns (The State of U.S. Consumer Data Privacy Laws (and Why They Matter), n.d.). Therefore, mechanisms should be implemented to allow users to exercise their data subject rights (17 new data protection laws around the world and how they impact your analytics, n.d.). In all privacy laws are important because they are part of an ecosystem that helps regulate the use of personal data around the world (17 new privacy laws around the world and how they could affect your analysis, n.d.) Identify the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of data protection laws and their impact (SWOT analysis) Data protection laws have both advantages and disadvantages that affect their overall impact. The disadvantage is that the impact of these laws may not protect individual privacy well enough (The State of (and Why It Matters) U.S. Consumer Data Privacy Laws, n.d.). However, data protection laws have the advantage of providing basic protection against harmful types of data mining, such as unauthorized use of personal data (The State of (and Why It Matters) U.S. Consumer Data Privacy Laws, n.d.). Additionally, privacy laws may encourage companies to prioritize privacy in their products, thereby promoting a

Survey of Human Resource Management: MGMT315 Unit 4 reduction in privacy-hostile products and services (The State of (and Why It Matters) U.S. Consumer Data Privacy Laws, n.d.). Additionally, a well-crafted privacy law can make it easier for consumers to purchase products without having to worry about data collection and sales, as the law sets clear guidelines for companies to follow (the current state of U.S. consumer data privacy laws (and why this matters), n.d.). Another advantage of data protection laws is that they can lay the foundation for better data protection in the future, as they set standards for the minimum level of data protection that should be provided to individuals (the status of consumer data protection laws in the United States). (and why it matters), n.d.). The new EU-US data privacy framework is an example of strong data protection law that includes additional security measures and more comprehensive protections For transfer of data of foreign citizens to the United States. The Framework also includes redress mechanisms for EU and US citizens who believe their rights have been infringed (Data Protection Law: What You Need to Know 2024, n.d.). However, this article does not provide information about the weaknesses, threats, or opportunities of data protection law (Data Protection Law: What You Need to Know in 2024, n.d.). National and global legal implications of trade agreements Trade agreement review Trade agreements are - compasses that guide governments in their capacity-building efforts. They can be compared to referees of an international trade match who diffuse conflicts before they escalate into a tug of war. These treaties replace hostility with harmony, pushing disputes into peaceful channels rather than allowing them to explode like firecrackers. Controversy arises from their impact on various industrial sectors and the resulting changes in employment structures (International Trade Agreements,

Survey of Human Resource Management: MGMT315 Unit 4 n.d.). However, they are a boon to the US economy, offering an open field for US companies looking at potential markets and increased exports (Trade Agreements, n.d.). These are strategic pacts between multiple parties that aim to ensure seamless trade in critical minerals while promoting economic growth (trade agreements, n.d.). And guess what These rules even dwarf those of the World Trade Organization! WTO regulations serve as a benchmark, but these agreements are limited to more comprehensive and more stringent provisions (Trade Agreements, n.d.).But hold your horses...Despite all the glitz and glamor of policy making; The WTO faced obstacles, mainly in the areas of agriculture, textiles and clothing, which forced it to slowly move through multilateral liberalization negotiations requiring consensus among various members (International Trade Agreements, n.d.) Economists had a major influence on trade policy, making a strong case for free trade and the removal of trade barriers, considering trade in factors of production such as capital and labor, and understanding the role of neo mercantilist countries in achieving rapid growth. Success (Chapter 2). 3 Trade Agreements and Economic Theory, n.d.). The goal of trade agreements is to liberalize trade, but actual terms are heavily influenced by national and international political realities. Trade agreements are important in removing trade barriers between member countries, which can lead to expansion of production based on comparative advantage (Chapter 3 Trade Agreements and Economic Theory, n.d.). Article 1 of the GATT stipulates the concept of reducing trade barriers on a multilateral basis and requires all GATT members to be treated equally with respect to trade barriers. Article 24 of the GATT provides for exceptions to the most- favored-nation principle, allowing countries to establish customs unions or free trade areas. Customs unions and free trade areas discriminate against non-members through common tariffs or separate import tariffs. Regional integration can eliminate trade barriers among member countries while maintaining import tariffs on non-member countries (Chapter 3 Trade Agreements and Economic Theory, n.d.). A discussion on why trade agreements matter.

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Survey of Human Resource Management: MGMT315 Unit 4 Trade agreements are - compasses that guide governments in their capacity-building efforts. They can be compared to referees of an international trade match who diffuse conflicts before they escalate into a tug of war. These treaties replace hostility with harmony, pushing disputes into peaceful channels rather than allowing them to explode like firecrackers. Let's look at the confusion surrounding trade deals. The controversy arises from their impact on various industrial sectors and the resulting changes in employment structures (International Trade Agreements, n.d.). However, they are a boon to the US economy, offering an open field for US companies looking at potential markets and increased exports (Trade Agreements, n.d.). Here's another thing to chew on - free trade agreements. These are strategic pacts between multiple parties that aim to ensure seamless trade in critical minerals while promoting economic growth (trade agreements, n.d.). And guess what These rules even dwarf those of the World Trade Organization! WTO regulations serve as a benchmark, but these agreements are limited to more comprehensive and more stringent provisions (Trade Agreements, n.d.).But hold your horses...Despite all the glitz and glamor of policy making; The WTO faced obstacles, mainly in the areas of agriculture, textiles and clothing, which forced it to slowly move through multilateral liberalization negotiations requiring consensus among various members (International Trade Agreements, n.d.) Economists had a major influence on trade policy, making a strong case for free trade and the removal of trade barriers, considering trade in factors of production such as capital and labor, and understanding the role of neo mercantilist countries in achieving rapid growth. Success (Chapter 2). 3: Trade Agreements and Economic Theory, n.d.). The goal of trade agreements is to liberalize trade, but actual terms are heavily influenced by national and international political realities. Trade agreements are important in removing trade barriers between member countries, which can lead to expansion of production based on comparative advantage (Chapter 3: Trade Agreements and Economic Theory, n.d.). Article 1 of the GATT stipulates the concept of reducing trade barriers on a multilateral basis and requires all GATT members to be treated equally with respect to trade barriers. Article 24 of the GATT provides for exceptions to the

Survey of Human Resource Management: MGMT315 Unit 4 most-favored-nation principle, allowing countries to establish customs unions or free trade areas. Customs unions and free trade areas discriminate against non-members through common tariffs or separate import tariffs. Regional integration can eliminate trade barriers among member countries while maintaining import tariffs on non-member countries (Chapter 3: Trade Agreements and Economic Theory, n.d.). Identify the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of trade agreements and their impacts (SWOT analysis) When evaluating trade agreements, a SWOT analysis can provide insight into their impact on global well-being. One way to assess the extent of trade creation and trade diversion in a customs union or free trade agreement is to determine the overall impact on the global economy (Chapter 3: Trade Agreements and Economic Theory, n.d.). However, ignoring the potential negative effects of trade diversion in these agreements could threaten world well-being (Chapter 3: Trade Agreements and Economic Theory, n.d.). Furthermore, the formation of a customs union or free trade agreement may lead to a decline in global welfare if trade diversion exceeds trade creation, a weakness of such agreements (Chapter 3: Trade Agreements and Economic Theory, n.d.).However, when trade creation is greater than trade diversion, these agreements can promote global prosperity and be viewed as an advantage (Chapter 3: Trade Agreements and Economic Theory, n.d.). Therefore, it is important to consider the positive and negative impacts of trade agreements to make informed decisions that benefit the global economy. The impact of human rights law on national and global law Human Rights Law Review

Survey of Human Resource Management: MGMT315 Unit 4 Human rights law is important when protecting the rights and freedoms of groups in society. The laws cover a wide range of areas, including civil and political rights, as well as social, economic, and cultural rights. International treaties such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities recognize the need for special protection for certain groups (Navigation, n.d.). These protections cannot give minorities more rights than majority groups; instead, they ensure that everyone has equal access to basic human rights, regardless of their social status (Navigation, n.d.). The need for special protection arises due to previous cases of discrimination against certain groups and their disadvantaged position in society (Navigation, n.d.). International human rights law requires states to respect, protect and fulfill human rights (Foundations of International Human Rights Law, n.d.). States must avoid interfering with the enjoyment of human rights, protect individuals and groups from violations of their human rights, and take active measures to provide for fundamental human rights (Foundations of International Human Rights Law, n.d.). An important instrument of human rights is the International Charter of Human Rights, which contains the fundamental rights and freedoms that states must respect (Foundations of International Human Rights Law, n.d.). Human rights law addresses issues including racial discrimination, torture, enforced disappearance, disability, women's rights, children's rights, immigrant rights, minority rights, and indigenous peoples' rights (International Human Rights Law Foundation, n.d.). As human society develops, international human rights treaties have become increasingly specialized over time (Foundations of International Human Rights Law, n.d.). As a result, human rights law continues to evolve to ensure that the fundamental human rights of all people are respected and protected. (International Human Rights Law Foundation, n.d.). A discussion on why human rights law is important.

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Survey of Human Resource Management: MGMT315 Unit 4 Human rights law is considered an effective method of guidance that facilitates the interpretation and application of international agreements in domestic law. It's a mirror that reflects the changing interpretation of human values, it even shields them from the abuse of power! Don't misinterpret me These ridiculously honorable agreements and treaties may not always be what we expected them to be. That doesn't lower their significance as hope for their constituents - symbols that are the result of a powerful, yet humble, optimism (courtesy; undated). One of the most important protocols in the creative field of human rights is the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Every member state of the Council of Europe feels the necessity of assisting it, as compliance is considered a duty rather than an indica of goodwill. The European Court of Human Rights safeguards the civil and political rights of citizens; its protection is severe but still present. Now a new player has come on the scene of the celebrated European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), which not only acts as a spectator, but also as a dedicated enforcer. Their understandings are illuminating, they communicate an aura felt across international borders, the United Nations and other organizations have often called the Enlightenment. Have you ever wondered what the powers of the European Court of Human Rights originate from This is primarily derived from its execution mechanism. This complex system grants states the authority to defend human rights (Navigation, n.d.). Finally, there are universal standards that bridge the gap between national law and human rights. Now include additional organizations dedicated their efforts to establishing the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), either quietly or aggressively when needed (II). The interaction between domestic and international law, called navigation) is also considered. The center of the organization tries to enhance the protection of human rights and promote international solidarity by participating in activities associated with the United Nations regarding these inalienable rights. Their job is extensive and includes more than just speech, but it promotes the enjoyment of all human rights in every part of the world (Navigation, n.d.).

Survey of Human Resource Management: MGMT315 Unit 4 Identify the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of human rights law and their impact (SWOT analysis) A SWOT analysis of human rights law reveals several strengths and opportunities. Regional human rights norms and systems offer opportunities to protect human rights on a second “front” (Navigation, n.d.). These norms and institutions are created based on closer geographical, historical, political, cultural, and social affinities, which increases the likelihood that they will receive greater support (Navigation, n.d.). Furthermore, regional human rights norms and institutions are more accessible to policymakers, politicians, and victims (Navigation, n.d.). The European Commission deserves praise for its work in this regard. Specifically, the Council of Europe has traditional monitoring systems and independent bodies, such as the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance and the Commissioner for Human Rights, to complement its work in the field of human rights (Navigation, n.d.). The Council of Europe has several specific instruments and conventions that complement the European Convention on Human Rights (Navigation, n.d.) by addressing specific situations or vulnerable groups in the field of human rights. Human rights instruments such as the Universal Periodic Review require periodic reporting to allow for open communication on challenges to the realization of human rights (Navigation, n.d.). With the express permission of the state, monitoring agencies may conduct field visits to directly observe human rights situations, and the monitoring agency's observations address active and critical aspects of the state's record (Navigation, n.d.). Efforts are underway to promote open standing invitations for field visits to monitoring sites (Navigation, n.d.). National reports are publicly scrutinized in national dialogues along with NGO shadow reports (Navigation, n.d.). In addition, the Council of Europe adopted the Declaration on Equality between Men and Women in 1989 and 2009 respectively to narrow the gap between actual gender equality and de jure gender equality. This is an advantage as it demonstrates the Council of Europe’s commitment to promoting gender equality and women’s rights (navigation, n.d.). However, gender-based violence against women still poses a threat to their dignity and human rights

Survey of Human Resource Management: MGMT315 Unit 4 and must be eliminated through effective measures (Navigation, n.d.). According to the 2009 Manifesto (navigation, n.d.), there are also structural reasons for the imbalance of power between men and women that need to be addressed. The Making Gender Equality Real declaration calls on Member States to ensure economic independence and empower women, address the need to eliminate established stereotypes and integrate a gender perspective into governance as an equal opportunity for further progress on gender equality (Navigation, n.d.). In this research, we examine the importance of data protection laws and how they impact business, trade agreements and human rights. It is critical to have a national data protection law in the United States. This results in a complex legal web to avoid legal complications. The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) has had a significant impact on other states. These states may tighten data protection regulations under the CCPA. However, it is important to recognize that even the latest data protection laws do not provide comprehensive coverage of all data protection issues. Companies are formally obliged to provide individuals with access to the data they collect and the ability to request deletion of that data. New Zealand's Data Protection Act also grants individuals similar privileges in relation to their own data. These permissions allow them to correct any errors. Human rights law covers a wide range of critical issues, including racial discrimination, torture, disability, immigrant rights, minority rights and the rights of indigenous peoples. These laws are constantly evolving to ensure that everyone's basic human rights are protected and respected. Trade agreements are vital to international trade because they provide countries with greater access to other countries' markets. These agreements, while beneficial, could also alter the nature of the goods available. Low-cost countries are likely to be eliminated; higher cost countries are expected to. Also, nations that are left out, I guess you can understand where this would lead (not to a good place). Noteworthy is how these trade agreements may affect data protection laws and the potential effects of alterations here on

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Survey of Human Resource Management: MGMT315 Unit 4 privacy-oriented service providers and manufacturers. To conclude and have a clear, summer-like sky, the most practical advice for businesses is to both grab and maintain control over the data protection rules and laws. Stick to them as if they were glue! This method can preserve their reputation from damage and maintain them in line with the proper side of the law. Extra importance was attributed to human rights law plus trade agreements to promote the important freedoms of humans while increasing global commerce. The focus should have a solid lens that focuses on the degree to which these laws regarding data protection are effective; it should also focus on the impact of these laws, not only large corporations, but also everyday consumers and sometimes disregarded communities. Term Examination Significance SWOT Analysis Data Protection Laws Legal regulations that regulate the storage and protection of personal data. Safeguards personal privacy and creates trust in the digital realm , while also regulating the way personal information is utilized. Strengths: Protects confidentiality, builds confidence. Weaknesses: Compliance demanding. Opportunities: Higher digital assurance. Threats: Developing cyber threats. Trade Agreements Formal agreements between nations define the terms of trade and other economic relationships. Facilitates international trade. - Promotes economic stability. - Establishes the rules of fair competition. Strengths: - Increases world trade. - Reduces obstacles to market entry. Weaknesses: - Possible unequal reward. - Challenges in negotiations. Opportunities: - Market expansion. - Enhanced economic cooperation. Threats: - Political tensions affecting agreements. - Unforeseen

Survey of Human Resource Management: MGMT315 Unit 4 economic changes. Human Rights Laws Laws that protect and promote the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals, regardless of their nationality. - Uphold dignity and equality. - Lays the foundation for ethical behavior. - Promote social responsibility. Advantages: - Ensures basic human dignity. ——Promote social fairness and justice. Weaknesses: - Different interpretations between cultures. - Law enforcement challenges. Opportunities: - Global human rights cooperation. —— Strengthen international standards. Threats: - Encroachment by authoritarian regimes. - Cultural relativism that affects execution. References 1. International & U.S. Data Privacy Laws and Regulations You Need to Know. (n.d.) Retrieved February 3, 2024, from cdp.com 2. The State of Consumer Data Privacy Laws in the US (And Why It Matters). (n.d.) Retrieved February 3, 2024, from www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/blog/state-of-privacy-laws-in-us/ 3. 17 new privacy laws around the world and how they’ll affect your analytics. (n.d.) Retrieved February 3, 2024, from piwik.pro/privacy-laws-around-globe/ 4. Data Protection Laws and Regulations USA 2023-2024. (n.d.) Retrieved February 3, 2024, from iclg.com

Survey of Human Resource Management: MGMT315 Unit 4 5. Data Privacy Laws: What You Need to Know in 2024 | Osano. (n.d.) Retrieved February 3, 2024, from www.osano.com/articles/data-privacy-laws 6. Trade agreements. (n.d.) Retrieved February 3, 2024, from zonos.com/docs/guides/country- guides/trade-agreements 7. International Trade Agreements. (n.d.) Retrieved February 3, 2024, from www.econlib.org 8. Trade Agreements. (n.d.) Retrieved February 3, 2024, from www.trade.gov/trade-agreements 9. Trade Agreements | United States Trade Representative. (n.d.) Retrieved February 3, 2024, from ustr.gov/trade-agreements 10. Chapter 3: Trade Agreements and Economic Theory. (n.d.) Retrieved February 3, 2024, from www.wilsoncenter.org 11. Navigation. (n.d.) Retrieved February 3, 2024, from www.coe.int/en/web/compass/legal- protection-of-human-rights 12. The Foundation of International Human Rights Law. (n.d.) Retrieved February 3, 2024, from www.un.org 13. II. Domestic Interaction with International Law. (n.d.) Retrieved February 3, 2024, from humanrights.berkeley.edu

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