Exam1_StudyGuide_215Fa23

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University of Massachusetts, Amherst *

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215

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Linguistics

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Oct 30, 2023

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Introduction to Language Science (CommDis 215) Exam 1 Study Guide, Fall 2023 What will be on Exam 1 This exam covers material from Weeks 1-3. This study guide indicates a few topics that were in the readings but not discussed in class, that may be on the exam. Otherwise, you can assume that if something was in the reading but not discussed in class, it won’t be on the exam. Suggestions for Studying for Exam 1 • Read through this study guide and type out your own answers/notes (using course materials as needed). If you have questions or topics you’d like to go over, share them with me through this anonymous survey on Moodle • Carefully go through your Week 2 and Week 3 homework. Many questions are similar to the ones you will see on the exam. • Attend the review session in class on Tuesday! Topic 1A: Building Blocks of Language • What are linguistic units? What are phones, morphemes, and words? What is the name for the part of the language system that stores words and morphemes? • Explain what each of these components of grammar do: phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics • Identify the component of grammar responsible for a fact about language. o E.g., what part of grammar is responsible for the fact American English speakers say I love apples but not * Love I apples ? • Identify what is ungrammatical about a language error (phonology, morphology, syntax, or semantics) (see also 1B)

2 Topic 1B: Your Knowledge of Grammar • What does it mean for a word or sentence to be “ungrammatical”? What symbol is used to mark grammatical and ungrammatical sentences? • What are implicit and explicit knowledge? What are implicit and explicit knowledge of grammar? • Describe what aphasia is and what causes it. • What are language varieties? Do they all have a grammar? Week 1 Reading ( Studying Language Scientifically ) • Identify descriptive and prescriptive statements about language. Topic 2A: Language Modalities, Defining “Language Disorder” • What is a language modality? What is the primary modality for producing English? Spanish? American Sign Language? • What is expressive language? What is receptive language? • Identify a task as testing expressive language, receptive language, or both, based on a clear description of what the participant is presented with and what they do.

3 • What is a picture naming task? What is the participant presented with and what do they do? • Given a description of an adult or child’s communication, determine whether they could be considered to have a “language disorder.” If so, determine whether the disorder was developmental or acquired. Topic 2A: Word Production • What are the mental steps involved in naming a picture? • From a description of a situation in which a person cannot come up with the name of an object, identify the step in which naming “failed” or “stopped.” • Define “anomia.” How can you tell if someone has anomia? • Identify semantic, phonological, and mixed paraphasias. Topic 2B: Word Meanings • Identify different types of information about a concept (semantic features): sensory/perceptual features, function, origin, component parts, motion

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4 • Identify the types of semantic features that are most important for defining a particular concept. For example, what are the most important types of features for the concept “window”? • Use binary features to distinguish between words in a semantic field. (E.g., How does "notebook" differ from "book"?) • Distinguish between binary features and exemplars. • Explain why you think a concept is typical or atypical. (What makes a concept typical? What makes a concept atypical?) Topic 3A: Semantic Dementia • What is semantic dementia? Is it an acquired or developmental condition? Common or rare? What causes it? Is it chronic or progressive? • What are semantic features? What types of semantic features are most likely to be forgotten by people with semantic dementia? • What types of errors do people with semantic dementia often make in picture naming tasks? What stands out about the language produced by people with semantic dementia when they are telling stories?

5 • What is a picture association task? What is the participant presented with and what do they do? Topic 3B: Semantic relationships between words • Semantic fields: Determine when concepts come from the same or different semantic fields. Identify the semantic field(s) that a concept belongs to. Interpret figures showing the relationships between concepts in a semantic field (e.g., the one for fruit in Topic 3B). • Given three related concepts, identify their specificity: basic level, superordinate, or subordinate. • Identify categorical and associative relationships between words. • Explain what happens in a verbal fluency task. What is the participant presented with and what do they do? Week 3 Reading ( Psycholinguistics of Word Meanings ) • Explain what happens in a lexical decision task. What is the participant presented with and what do they do? • What is priming? When does it happen?