experiments02Instructions_08oct23

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University of Massachusetts, Amherst *

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414

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Linguistics

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Oct 30, 2023

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Linguistics 414: Experiment 02 1 Linguistics 414: Introduction to Phonetics for Linguists, Fall 2023 Experiment 02 October 12, 2023 1 Introduction The second experiment is designed to assess whether consonants are coordinated with a neighboring vowel differently when they occur in the beginning versus the end of a syllable (in the onset versus in the coda), and if so, how. To assess further the coordination of the consonants with the neighboring vowels, the stimuli are also manipulated in a way that affects the durations of the vowels. Half the consonants at the end of words in the first experiment are voiced and the other half are voiceless. In the second experiment, half the consonants are voiced and the other half are voiceless in both sets. Vowels are systematically longer when they occur before or after voiced than voiceless consonants. The question then is whether the coordination of consonants with neighboring vowels remains the same as the segments stretch and shrink next to voiced and voiceless consonants. 2 Method Each team will use the recordings they’ve already made of two native speakers of English, one who identifies as male, and the other who identifies as female (not students in this class). This time, all teams are analyzing the same stimuli. 2.1 Materials c Table 1: Set Onset Voicing Bilabial Alveolar Velar Voiced bill dill gill Voiceless pill till kill 2.2 Measurements A new Praat script is used to extract values of the second and third formants (F2 and F3) from the beginning and middle of the vowel in the onset set, and from the middle and end of the vowel in the coda Kingston, Lee October 12, 2023

Linguistics 414: Experiment 02 2 c Table 2: Set Coda Voicing Bilabial Alveolar Velar Voiced rib rid rig Voiceless rip writ Rick set. The values of these two formants are expected to differ systematically between places of articulation. What we want to learn is whether the places of articulation affect their values differently depending on the position in the syllable, onset versus coda, and the voicing of the stop consonants. The hypotheses to be tested are: 1. The frequencies of F2 and F3 will differ more between places of articulation in onset than coda stops because consonants overlap more with the beginning than the end of neighboring vowels, 2. The frequencies of F2 and F3 will differ more between places of articulation in voiced than voiceless stops because the formants are excited earlier after voiced stops and later before them, 3. Vowels will be longer after and before voiced than voiceless stops across places of articulation. Once the values are extracted, a new RMarkdown script is used to test these hypotheses. Kingston, Lee October 12, 2023

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